Phenolic Acid–β-Cyclodextrin Complexation Study to Mask Bitterness in Wheat Bran: A Machine Learning-Based QSAR Study

Abstract

The need to solvate and encapsulate hydro-sensitive molecules drives noticeable trends in the applications of cyclodextrins in the pharmaceutical industry, in foods, polymers, materials, and in agricultural science. Among them, β-cyclodextrin is one of the most used for the entrapment of phenolic acid compounds to mask the bitterness of wheat bran. In this regard, there is still a need for good data and especially for a robust predictive model that assesses the bitterness masking capabilities of β-cyclodextrin for various phenolic compounds. This study uses a dataset of 20 phenolic acids docked into the β-cyclodextrin cavity to generate three different binding constants. The data from the docking study were combined with topological, topographical, and quantum-chemical features from the ligands in a machine learning-based structure–activity relationship study. Three different models for each binding constant were computed using a combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) approaches. The developed ML/QSAR models showed a very good performance, with high predictive ability and correlation coefficients of 0.969 and 0.984 for the training and test sets, respectively. The models revealed several factors responsible for binding with cyclodextrin, showing positive contributions toward the binding affinity values, including such features as the presence of six-membered rings in the molecule, branching, electronegativity values, and polar surface area.