Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Tamarind Nutshell Activated Carbon: Batch and Column Studies

Abstract

Activated carbons prepared from tamarind nutshell, an agricultural waste by-product, have been examined for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions. The activated carbon was prepared by sulfuric acid activation. Both batch and column studies were performed for the sorption of phenol. The kinetic data were fitted to the models of Lagergren, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion, and closely followed the pseudo-second-order chemisorption model. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were well fitted. The solution pH greatly affects the sorption process. The column study results indicate that the sorption of phenol is dependent on the flow rate, the inlet phenol concentration as well as on the particle size of the adsorbent.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Sterculia alata nutshell by chemical activation with zinc chloride to remove phenol from wastewater

“…It can be concluded that the rate of phenol binding with activated carbon is more at initial stages, which gradually decreases and becomes almost constant after a period of 300 min. Similar types of observations have already been reported by several authors (Banat et al, 2004;Goud et al, 2005). Numerous kinetic models have been proposed to elucidate the mechanism by which pollutants may be adsorbed.…”

“…The production of activated carbons from such wastes converts unwanted, surplus waste, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually, to useful valuable adsorbents. There are a quite large number of studies regarding the preparation of activated carbons from agricultural wastes (Kadirvelu et al 2003;Nag et al, 1999), nuts , nutshells (Ahmadpour and Do, 1997;Goud et al, 2005), fruit stones (Lussier et al, 1994), bagasse (Mohan et al, 2002), coirpith (Kadirvelu et al, 2001), oil palm waste (Lua and Guo, 1998) and agricultural residues from sugarcane (Blanco Castro et al, 2000), rice (Shrinivasan et al, 1998) and peanut (Periasamy and Namasivayam, 1996), sawdust (Marquez-ontesinos et al, 2001) and canes from some easy-growing wood species (Basso et al, 2002;Maci'as et al, 2003).…”

“…In practice, coal and waste biomasses of lignocellulosic materials are two main sources for the production of commercial activated carbons (Goud et al, 2005;Mohanty et al, 2005). Waste biomass, which includes forest as well as agricultural byproducts have emerged as a better choice.…”

Determination of the optimal conditions for the adsorption of cadmium ions and phenol on chestnut(Castanea sativa) shell

“…With respect to adsorption percentage, for all the pH values essayed, low initial concentration and high temperature increased the % of phenol adsorbed on the shell, the highest value being also obtained for the lowest pH. At pH values lower that the pK a value (9.99), the degree of ionization of phenol decreases (Goud et al, 2005) and thus its capacity to be adsorbed by chestnut shell increases. The analysis of the results obtained has suggested that the optimum adsorption conditions were the natural pH of the solutions (around 5.5) for both contaminants and 25ºC for cadmium adsorption and 60ºC for phenol adsorption.…”

Síntese de zeólitas de cinzas de carvão modificada por surfactante e aplicação na remoção de ácido laranja 8 de solução aquosa: estudo em leito móvel, coluna de leito fixo e avaliação ecotoxicológica

“…Quanto maior a concentração, maior a carga da solução, aumentando assim a transferência de massa (transferência de soluto da fase líquida para a fase sólida) e a força motriz (diferença entre a concentração de soluto na fase sólida e a concentração de soluto na fase líquida) (Goud et al, 2005 material zeolítico e aumenta a dispersão axial (Padmesh et al, 2005;Aksu, et al, 2007 com o aumento da vazão o efluente passa a ter menos tempo de contato com o adsorvente e portanto a velocidade de transferência de massa aumenta (Saadi et al, 2013).…”