Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins: Properties, Fields of Application, and Methods of Synthesis

Berdnikova, P. V.; Жижина, Е. Г.; Pai, Z. P.

doi:10.1134/s2070050421020033

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Novolacs are synthesized using excess phenol, acid, or metal salt catalysts, and require the addition of a curing agent (Figure 2). [47] The majority of aerospace phenolic composites are produced from prepreg systems with curing temperatures between 100-180 °C. [48] Traditional resole-and novolac-type phenolics produce water as a condensation product.…”

Section: Phenolic Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymers as Aerospace Structural Components: How to Reach Sustainability?

Dyer,

Kumru

2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The aerospace industry has been benefiting from the utilization of polymer materials since fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) offers high performances at low densities compared to metals. In a way, FRPC innovated lightweight matter engineering and provided aviation as a public transport method. Since their first integration into structural parts, FRPC experiences an exponential growth over years and receives a special interest from manufacturing engineering. While FRPC today is a major focus in engineering, design of polymer matrix relies on polymer chemistry. However, aircraft materials are facing a pressing issue related to sustainability, since their environmental footprint is at alarming level. In this review, commercial thermosetting polymer composites employed in aircraft structures will be exhibited from chemistry perspective by depicting starting products and curing reactions. The potential of chemistry to architect next‐generation sustainable FRPC for structural parts by means of utilization of sustainable feedstock, energy‐efficient processing and recycling will be deciphered.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: Phenolic Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Novolacs are synthesized using excess phenol, acid, or metal salt catalysts, and require the addition of a curing agent ( Figure ). [ 47 ]…”

Section: Polymer Composites As Aerospace Structural Components: How I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers as Aerospace Structural Components: How to Reach Sustainability?

Dyer,

Kumru

2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Phenolic fiber, an intrinsic flame‐retardant fiber with a long history, is spun from phenolic resin by wet spinning, [1] dry spinning, [2] electrostatic spinning, and other spinning processes [3] . Given its flame‐retardant property, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and other characteristics, phenolic fiber is widely used in national defense, metallurgical industry, textile industry, and other fields [4] . Given the rapid development of national defense, aerospace, and other high‐tech fields, the flame‐retardant property, heat resistance, and mechanical properties of fibers have put forward high requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Given its flame-retardant property, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and other characteristics, phenolic fiber is widely used in national defense, metallurgical industry, textile industry, and other fields. [4] Given the rapid development of national defense, aerospace, and other high-tech fields, the flame-retardant property, heat resistance, and mechanical properties of fibers have put forward high requirements. The traditional phenolic resin is brittle and has poor spinnability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Molybdenum‐modified High‐ortho Thermosetting Phenolic Fiber

Gu,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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The study aims to produce thermosetting resin from synthesized molybdenum‐modified high‐ortho thermoplastic phenolic resin through an addition reaction. Then, molybdenum‐modified high‐ortho thermosetting phenolic resin is blended with polyvinyl butyral and undergoes wet spinning to prepare as‐spun fibers and obtain high‐ortho molybdenum phenolic fibers via solution curing, microwave curing, or heat curing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and fiber strength testing were used to investigate the structure and properties of molybdenum‐modified high‐ortho phenolic fibers. Results showed that adding molybdic acid introduced Mo−O bonds into the molecular chain of high‐ortho phenolic resin, thereby improving the degree of cross‐linking and thermal stability. The residual carbon content of the fibers after heat treatment exceeded 60%, and the elongation at break and the breaking strength of the microwave‐cured fibers reached 4.2% and 155 MPa, respectively, and the mechanical properties were relatively good. The study of high‐ortho phenolic fibers aims to improve their properties and expand their applications through resin modifications. It provides a possible fiber preparation strategy for improving heat‐resistant phenolic fibers, thereby guiding the research of modified high‐ortho phenolic fibers.

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“…This compound's chemical structure exhibits a remarkable stability that confers resistance to oxidation and decomposition, thereby bestowing PF with robust anti-aging capabilities [28]. The three-dimensional polymeric network formed through condensation reactions is particularly noteworthy; it generates a multitude of stable chemical bonds, thereby contributing to the high hardness and strength of phenol-formaldehyde resin [29,30]. As such, PF exhibits superior mechanical properties along with heat and cold resistance, dimensional stability, water stability, and flame resistance, thus making it a versatile material widely applied across various fields [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Phenolic Resin-Modified Asphalt and Its Mixtures

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Materials

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This study comprehensively examines the influence of phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) on the performance of base asphalt and its mixtures for road applications, emphasizing its innovative use in enhancing pavement quality. Optimal PF content was determined through the evaluation of standard indicators and rotational viscosity. In-depth analyses of PF-modified asphalt’s high- and low-temperature rheological properties and viscoelastic behavior were conducted using dynamic shear rheometers and bending beam rheometers. Aging resistance was assessed through short-term aging and performance grade (PG) grading. Moreover, Marshall and water stability tests were performed on PF-modified asphalt mixtures. Findings indicate that the uniform dispersion of PF particles effectively inhibits asphalt flow at high temperatures, impedes oxygen penetration, and delays the transition from elasticity to viscosity. These unique properties enhance the high-temperature stability, rutting resistance, and aging resistance of PF-modified asphalt. However, under extremely low temperatures, PF’s brittleness may impact asphalt flexibility. Nonetheless, the structural advantages of PF-modified asphalt, such as improved mixture density and stability, contribute to enhanced high-temperature performance, water stability, adhesion, and freeze–thaw cycle stability. This research demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using PF to enhance the overall performance of base asphalt and asphalt mixtures for road construction.

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Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins: Properties, Fields of Application, and Methods of Synthesis

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Polymers as Aerospace Structural Components: How to Reach Sustainability?

Polymers as Aerospace Structural Components: How to Reach Sustainability?

Preparation and Properties of Molybdenum‐modified High‐ortho Thermosetting Phenolic Fiber

Investigation of Phenolic Resin-Modified Asphalt and Its Mixtures

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