Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin for Optical-Chemical Temperature Sensing

Abstract

The application of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as an optical temperature sensor is investigated. Recent developments in optical luminescent sensors allow for global measurements to be made over the surface of a test article, extending beyond conventional point measurements. Global temperature distributions are particularly helpful when validating computational models or when mapping temperature over complex geometries, and can be used to calculate surface heat flux values. Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is a novel chemical approach to obtaining these global temperature measurements, but there are still challenges to overcome to make it a reliable tool. A sensor with a wide range of temperature sensitivity is desired to provide the maximum amount of utility, especially for tests spanning large temperature gradients. Naturally luminescent materials such as PF resin provide an attractive alternative to chemical sensor coatings, and PF resin is studied for this reason. Static tests of different PF resin samples are conducted using two binder materials to strengthen the material: cloth and paper. The material shows temperature sensitivities up to −0.8%/K, demonstrating the usefulness of PF resin as a temperature sensor.

Enhancement of Thermal Behaviour of Flax with a Ramie Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite

“…The ASTM Standard E 1530 was adhered to for the abovementioned test [ 33 ]. The thermal conductivity of phenol–formaldehyde resin was 0.25 W/mK, and its density was 1300 kg/m 3 [ 34 ].…”

Properties of fiber-filled molding material based on viscose carbon fiber and phenolformaldehyde resin of various types

“…Теплопроводности пресс-волокнитов на основе фенолформальдегидных смол различных типов имеют значения порядка 1 Вт/м•К, в связи с низкой теплопроводностью смол (порядка 0,2 Вт/м•К) [15]. При этом для образцов углепластика на основе связующего новолачного типа видна незначительная анизотропия теплопроводности, связанная, по-видимому, с уже отмеченными выше эффектами ориентации дискретных УВ.…”

Pyrene-Based Macrocrosslinkers with Supramolecular Mechanochromism for Elastic Deformation Sensing in Hydrogel Networks

“…3 Excimer formation is a diffusion-controlled process that leads to a bathochromically shifted emission when a pyrene in the ground state binds to a pyrene in the excited state. 4 Hence, excimer emission strongly depends on the distance between the excimer-forming molecules rendering pyrene a popular distance-based probe in applications ranging from organic electronics 5 to sensors for temperature, 6 pH, 7 pressure, 8 small molecules, 9 protein conformation, 10 lipid structure, 11 or nucleic acid recognition. 12…”