Phenocryst-poor rhyolites of bimodal, tholeiitic provinces: the Rattlesnake Tuff and implications for mush extraction models

Streck, Martin J.; Grunder, Anita L.

doi:10.1007/s00445-007-0144-3

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The evidence presented here suggests that the most mafic silicic magma generated by partial melting was a low-silica rhyolite. Streck and Grunder (2007) come to a similar conclusion for the hot, Fe-rich rhyolites of the High Lava Plains of Oregon. We identify this parental rhyolite magma on the basis of high Ba concentrations which produce flat normalized patterns for the most incompatible elements, Rb-Ba-Th-U (ESM Fig.…”

Section: Production Of Rhyolite By Partial Melting Of Continental Crustsupporting

confidence: 65%

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Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicic volcanic rocks from the western Cordillera of the United States

2007

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Two fundamentally different types of silicic volcanic rocks formed during the Cenozoic of the western Cordillera of the United States. Large volumes of dacite and rhyolite, mostly ignimbrites, erupted in the Oligocene in what is now the Great Basin and contrast with rhyolites erupted along the Snake River Plain during the Late Cenozoic. The Great Basin dacites and rhyolites are generally calc-alkaline, magnesian, oxidized, wet, cool (<850°C), Sr-and Al-rich, and Fe-poor. These silicic rocks are interpreted to have been derived from mafic parent magmas generated by dehydration of oceanic lithosphere and melting in the mantle wedge above a subduction zone. Plagioclase fractionation was minimized by the high water fugacity and oxide precipitation was enhanced by high oxygen fugacity. This resulted in the formation of Si-, Al-, and Sr-rich differentiates with low Fe/Mg ratios, relatively low temperatures, and declining densities. Magma mixing, large proportions of crustal assimilation, and polybaric crystal fractionation were all important processes in generating this Oligocene suite. In contrast, most of the rhyolites of the Snake River Plain are alkaline to calc-alkaline, ferroan, reduced, dry, hot (830-1,050°C), Sr-and Al-poor, and Nb-and Fe-rich. They are part of a distinctly bimodal sequence with tholeiitic basalt. These characteristics were largely imposed by their derivation from parental basalt (with low f H 2 O and low f O 2 ) which formed by partial melting in or above a mantle plume. The differences in intensive parameters caused early precipitation of plagioclase and retarded crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides. Fractionation led to higher density magmas and mid-crustal entrapment. Renewed intrusion of mafic magma caused partial melting of the intrusive complex. Varying degrees of partial melting, fractionation, and minor assimilation of older crust led to the array of rhyolite compositions. Only very small volumes of distinctive rhyolite were derived by fractional crystallization of Fe-rich intermediate magmas like those of the Craters of the Moon-Cedar Butte trend.

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Section: Production Of Rhyolite By Partial Melting Of Continental Crustsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…We note in closing that our model for the origin of the large volume rhyolites of the Snake River Plain is similar to that proposed by Frost and Frost (1997) and Streck and Grunder (2007). However, it is not universally accepted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicic volcanic rocks from the western Cordillera of the United States

2007

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“…Cathey and Nash 2004). Contributions of melt from partial fusion of local basaltic rocks (Streck and Grunder 1999;Annen and Sparks 2002) appear limited to a subordinate role by the Sr and O isotopic data. However, at Yellowstone low δ 18 O in certain late cycle rhyolites has been attributed to extensive remelting of earlier cycle rhyolites that had undergone 18 O-depletion as a result of hydrothermal alteration following catastrophic caldera collapse (Hildreth et al 1984(Hildreth et al , 1991Bindeman and Valley 2001a, b).…”

Section: Implied Sources Of Rhyolite Magmasmentioning

confidence: 92%

Miocene silicic volcanism in southwestern Idaho: geochronology, geochemistry, and evolution of the central Snake River Plain

et al. 2007

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New 40 Ar-39 Ar geochronology, bulk rock geochemical data, and physical characteristics for representative stratigraphic sections of rhyolite ignimbrites and lavas from the west-central Snake River Plain (SRP) are combined to develop a coherent stratigraphic framework for Miocene silicic magmatism in this part of the Yellowstone 'hotspot track'. The magmatic record differs from that in areas to the west and east with regard to its unusually large extrusive volume, broad lateral scale, and extended duration. We infer that the magmatic systems developed in response to largescale and repeated injections of basaltic magma into the crust, resulting in significant reconstitution of large volumes of the crust, wide distribution of crustal melt zones, and complex feeder systems for individual eruptive events. Some eruptive episodes or 'events' appear to be contemporaneous with major normal faulting, and perhaps catastrophic crustal foundering, that may have triggered concurrent evacuations of separate silicic magma reservoirs. This behavior and cumulative time-composition relations are difficult to relate to simple caldera-style single-source feeder systems and imply complex temporal-spatial development of the silicic magma systems. Inferred volumes and timing of mafic magma inputs, as the driving energy source, require a significant component of lithospheric extension on NNWtrending Basin and Range style faults (i.e., roughly parallel to the SW-NE orientation of the eastern SRP). This is needed to accommodate basaltic inputs at crustal levels, and is likely to play a role in generation of those magmas. Anomalously high magma production in the SRP compared to that in adjacent areas (e.g., northern Basin and Range Province) may require additional sub-lithospheric processes.

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“…Late Miocene to Quaternary volcanism of the High Lava Plains is strongly bimodal with rhyolite forming dome complexes and ignimbrites and bimodal with basalt and basaltic andesite erupted as widespread lavas typically a few meters to 10 m thick (MacLeod and others, 1976;Jordan and others, 2004;Streck and Grunder, 2008;Ford and others, 2013). The High Lava Plains defines a northwestward-younging magmatic trend of silicic volcanism that is a mirror image of the northeastward age progression of silicic volcanism of the Snake River Plain and Yellowstone Plateau (Christiansen and Yeats, 1992;Christiansen and others, 2002;Pierce and Morgan, 2009).…”

Section: Regionally Widespread Late Miocene Ash-flow Tuffs Of the Higmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenocryst-poor rhyolites of bimodal, tholeiitic provinces: the Rattlesnake Tuff and implications for mush extraction models

Cited by 54 publications

References 64 publications

Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicic volcanic rocks from the western Cordillera of the United States

Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicic volcanic rocks from the western Cordillera of the United States

Miocene silicic volcanism in southwestern Idaho: geochronology, geochemistry, and evolution of the central Snake River Plain

Field-trip guide to Columbia River flood basalts, associated rhyolites, and diverse post-plume volcanism in eastern Oregon

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