Phenetic relationship between Malvaceae s.s. and its related families

Abstract

Systematic relationships in the Malvaceae s.s. and allied families were studied on the basis of numerical analysis. 103 macro-and micro morphological attributes including vegetative parts, pollen grains and seeds of 64 taxa belonging to 32 genera of Malvaceae s.s. and allied families (Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Bombacaceae) were scored and the UPGMA clustering analysis was applied to investigate the phenetic relationships and to clarify the circumscription. Four main clusters are recognized viz. Sterculiaceae s.s. cluster, Tiliaceae-Exemplars of Strerculiaceae cluster, Malvaceae s.s. cluster and Bombacaceae s.s.-Exemplars of Sterculiaceae and Malvaceae cluster. The results delimited Sterculiaceae s.s. and Tiliaceae s.s. to containing the genera previously included in tribes Sterculieae and Tilieae respectively; also confirmed and verified the segregation of Byttnerioideae of Sterculiaceae s.l. and Grewioideae of Tiliaceae s.l. to be treated as distinct families Byttneriaceae and Spermanniaceae respectively. Our analysis recommended the treatment of subfamilies Dombeyoideae, Bombacoideae and Malvoideae of Malvaceae s.l. as distinct families: Dombeyaceae, Bombacaceae s.s. and Malvaceae s.s. and the final placement of Gossypium and Hibiscus in either Malvaceae or Bombacaceae is uncertain, as well as the circumscription of Pterospermum is obscure thus further study is necessary for these genera.

Significance of Seed Storage Protein and Seed Morphological Characters in the Classification of Some Species of Malvaceae s.l.

“…From our cladistics results, it was clear that family Malvaceae s.s. is homogenous and mainly monophyletic except Gossypium, and Thespesia had a sister relationship to Bombacaceae, and this result agreed with the other previous results (Judd & Manchester, 1997;Alverson et al, 1999;Bayer, 1999;Bayer et al, 1999;Shamso & Khattab, 2016;Ibrahim et al, 2018) who confirmed the monophyly of the traditional Malvaceae. While these results revealed that, Tiliaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Bombacaceae were paraphyletic.…”

“…), the other taxa: Guazuma, Pterospermum, Firmiana, Pterygota, Cola, Abroma, Theobroma, Hermannia, and Sterculia separated each in parallel clades supported by a few characters. This clearly indicates the paraphyly of this family (Shamso & Khattab, 2016).…”

Contribution to the Flora of Egypt: Taxonomic and Nomenclature changes

“…On the other hand, Reveal (2012) treated these subfamilies as distinct families: Byttneriaceae, Sparmanniaceae, Tiliaceae s.s., Sterculiaceae s.s., Dombeyaceae, Berryaceae, Helicteraceae, Malvaceae s.s. and Bombacaceae respectively. (Shamso and Khattab, 2016) Recent molecular studies combined genera previously included in Dracaenaceae, and Hyacinthaceae within Asparagaceae s.l., while Amaryllidaceae includes genera placed within the family Alliaceae (Reveal & Chase, 2011).…”

Pachira macrocarpa Schltdl. & Cham., HPLC Profile, and Neuroprotective Potential via Regulation of JNK, miRNA132, and miRNA-125b

“…Pachira macrocarpa is a tropical evergreen tree that grows in South America and Africa and belongs to the Malvaceae family, which contains about 244 genera with 4225 known species; well-known plants of this family include okra, cotton, and cacao P.…”

“…8 Pachira macrocarpa is a tropical evergreen tree that grows in South America and Africa and belongs to the Malvaceae family, which contains about 244 genera with 4225 known species; well-known plants of this family include okra, cotton, and cacao. 9 P. macrocarpa trees grow up to 15 m in height. Their leaves are shiny green lanceolate or obovate, five on each branch, and their flowers are hermaphrodite with doubleperianth long pinkish stamens.…”