“…In this sense, despite the importance of knowing the genetic structure and dynamics of triatomine infestation/reinfestation for the design of chemical control activities, there are few studies in the literature. Studies with Brazilian populations of P. megistus using isoenzymes ( Kopp et al 2009 ), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ( Barbosa et al 2003 , 2006 ) and ribosomal intergenic sequences (ITS1 and ITS2) ( Cavassin et al 2014 ) revealed populations with strong population structure and reduced genetic diversity that was directly related to the geographic distance between the studied areas. This same pattern was observed in Brazilian populations of T. brasiliensis using isoenzymes ( Costa et al 1997 ), RAPD ( Borges et al 2000a , b ) and the cyt b gene ( Monteiro et al 2004 , Almeida et al 2008 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, it is important to investigate aspects regarding the planning and execution of vector control initiatives including the assessment of levels of genetic variation, population structure and gene flow among insect populations ( Costa et al 1997 , Noireau et al 1999 , Borges et al 2000a , b , Marcilla et al 2002 , Barbosa et al 2003 , 2006 , Almeida et al. 2008 , Kopp et al 2009 , Cavassin et al 2014 , González-Brítez et al 2014 , Panzera et al 2015 ).…”
Triatoma sordida is a species that transmits Trypanosoma
cruzi to humans. In Brazil, T. sordida currently
deserves special attention because of its wide distribution, tendency to invade
domestic environments and vectorial competence. For the planning and execution of
control protocols to be effective against Triatominae, they must consider its
population structure. In this context, this study aimed to characterise the genetic
variability of T. sordida populations collected in areas with
persistent infestations from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Levels of genetic variation and
population structure were determined in peridomestic T. sordida by
sequencing a polymorphic region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b
gene. Low nucleotide and haplotype diversity were observed for all 14 sampled areas;
π values ranged from 0.002-0.006. Most obtained haplotypes occurred at low
frequencies, and some were exclusive to only one of the studied populations.
Interpopulation genetic diversity analysis revealed strong genetic structuring.
Furthermore, the genetic variability of Brazilian populations is small compared to
that of Argentinean and Bolivian specimens. The possible factors related to the
reduced genetic variability and strong genetic structuring obtained for studied
populations are discussed in this paper.
“…In this sense, despite the importance of knowing the genetic structure and dynamics of triatomine infestation/reinfestation for the design of chemical control activities, there are few studies in the literature. Studies with Brazilian populations of P. megistus using isoenzymes ( Kopp et al 2009 ), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ( Barbosa et al 2003 , 2006 ) and ribosomal intergenic sequences (ITS1 and ITS2) ( Cavassin et al 2014 ) revealed populations with strong population structure and reduced genetic diversity that was directly related to the geographic distance between the studied areas. This same pattern was observed in Brazilian populations of T. brasiliensis using isoenzymes ( Costa et al 1997 ), RAPD ( Borges et al 2000a , b ) and the cyt b gene ( Monteiro et al 2004 , Almeida et al 2008 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, it is important to investigate aspects regarding the planning and execution of vector control initiatives including the assessment of levels of genetic variation, population structure and gene flow among insect populations ( Costa et al 1997 , Noireau et al 1999 , Borges et al 2000a , b , Marcilla et al 2002 , Barbosa et al 2003 , 2006 , Almeida et al. 2008 , Kopp et al 2009 , Cavassin et al 2014 , González-Brítez et al 2014 , Panzera et al 2015 ).…”
Triatoma sordida is a species that transmits Trypanosoma
cruzi to humans. In Brazil, T. sordida currently
deserves special attention because of its wide distribution, tendency to invade
domestic environments and vectorial competence. For the planning and execution of
control protocols to be effective against Triatominae, they must consider its
population structure. In this context, this study aimed to characterise the genetic
variability of T. sordida populations collected in areas with
persistent infestations from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Levels of genetic variation and
population structure were determined in peridomestic T. sordida by
sequencing a polymorphic region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b
gene. Low nucleotide and haplotype diversity were observed for all 14 sampled areas;
π values ranged from 0.002-0.006. Most obtained haplotypes occurred at low
frequencies, and some were exclusive to only one of the studied populations.
Interpopulation genetic diversity analysis revealed strong genetic structuring.
Furthermore, the genetic variability of Brazilian populations is small compared to
that of Argentinean and Bolivian specimens. The possible factors related to the
reduced genetic variability and strong genetic structuring obtained for studied
populations are discussed in this paper.
“…The degree of synanthropy exhibited by P. megistus varies among regions: in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Lent and Wygodzinsky ) it is exclusively non‐synanthropic; from the State of Rio Grande do Sul (in the south of Brazil) to the midwest of the state of São Paulo it is hemi‐synanthropic; and in the state of Bahia and the midwest of the state of Minas Gerais it is eusynanthropic (Barbosa et al ). Some authors relate this variation to physiological and ethological differences in P. megistus populations (Dórea et al , Barbosa et al , , , Kopp et al ).…”
“…This distribution reflects the human migrations from rural areas of Brazil to more economically developed urban centers that occurred mainly in the second half of the 20 th century, when the state of São Paulo was the primary destination for millions of Brazilians, especially those from the northeast of the country (Brito and Carvalho ). The hypothesis of passive dispersal of P. megistus is reinforced by a study based on isoenzyme analysis which showed relationships between populations in Paraná (in the south of Brazil) and in the northeast and southeast of the country (Kopp et al ).…”
Studies were made on the ribosomal DNA intergenic region, comprising complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2 sequences, of populations of the triatomine Panstrongylus megistus, the most important vector of Chagas' disease in Brazil since Triatoma infestans eradication. Specimens were from 26 localities of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Sergipe states. In total, 21 ITS-1 and 12 ITS-2 haplotypes were found. Nucleotide differences were higher in ITS-1 (3.00%) than in ITS-2 (1.33%). The intergenic region was 1,513-1,522-bp-long (mean 1,516.9 bp), providing 26 combined haplotypes. The combination of microsatellites found in both ITSs may be of applied usefulness, to assess interpopulation specimen exchange and potential recolonizations after vector elimination by control implementation. Network results suggest that São Paulo may be considered one of the spreading centers of this species. Molecular clock datation suggests that P. megistus populations are diversifying at least since 4.54 million years ago, with diversification still ongoing today by geographical isolation of populations. Evidence is provided about the relationship of genetic diversity with geographical spread that characterizes a major vector and explains its ability to colonize distant areas and different ecotopes, including human habitats, and consequently its importance in Chagas' disease epidemiology.
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