Phenanthrene uptake by Medicago sativa L. under the influence of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

Abstract

Colonization by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus promoted root uptake and decreased shoot uptake of phenanthrene by Medicago sativa L. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tPhenanthrene uptake by Medicago sativa L. was investigated under the influence of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Inoculation of lucerne with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum L. resulted in higher phenanthrene accumulation in the roots and lower accumulation in the shoots compared to non-mycorrhizal controls. Studies on sorption and desorption of phenanthrene by roots and characterization of heterogeneity of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots using solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13 C NMR) demonstrated that increased aromatic components due to mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in enhanced phenanthrene uptake by the roots but lower translocation to the shoots. Direct visualization using two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) revealed higher phenanthrene accumulation in epidermal cells of roots and lower transport into the root interior and stem in mycorrhizal plants than in non-mycorrhizal controls. These results provide some insight into the mechanisms by which arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation may influence the uptake of organic contaminants by plants.

Phenanthrene and pyrene uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize and their dissipation in soil

“…This is in line with other results whereby Glomus etunicatum significantly increased PHE accumulation in roots of Medicago sativa [24]. These findings also agree with previous work on the effects of AM fungi on other organic pollutants including atrazine [30] and DDT [31].…”

“…Wu and Xia [37] observed that AM fungi could promote the volume and total absorption area of the root system. Wu et al [24] indicated that mycorrhizal roots consistently exhibited higher PHE adsorption than did non-mycorrhizal roots, although PHE adsorption onto roots only represented 0.6-3.23% of the total amount extracted from the roots growing in PHE-spiked soils. Therefore, although there was no direct evidence of any changes in root morphology and surface properties of the maize in the present study, it was suggested that the positive mycorrhizal growth of roots ( Fig.…”

“…AM fungi could play important roles on the dissipation of PAHs in soils [16,[21][22][23]. Limited studies showed that AM fungi could also affect uptake and the translocation of PAHs in plants [24,25]. However, there is very limited information available on the mechanisms involved.…”

Transportation and localization of phenanthrene and its interaction with different species of arsenic in Pteris vittata L.

“…After being cultured in contaminated solutions, PAHs can also be absorbed through the roots and transported to the aboveground parts of the stems and leaves in various plant species, such as Oryza sativa L. (Jiao et al, 2007), Lolium multiflorum L. and Helianthus annus L. (Sneath et al, 2013). Transpiration drives the absorption and transport of PAHs from the underground part to the aboveground part (Tao et al, 2006;Mattina et al, 2003;Gao and Zhu, 2004;Wu et al, 2009). For instance, Wang et al (2012) proposed that PAHs are absorbed in the root epidermis before entering the pith and lateral roots.…”

A Rapid Preconcentration Method Using Modified GP-MSE for Sensitive Determination of Trace Semivolatile Organic Pollutants in the Gas Phase of Ambient Air

“…[1][2][3] Although certain organic pollutants in the environment occur at trace levels, they can seriously threaten human health, either directly or indirectly, due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation. Therefore, the detection of trace environmental organic pollutants is necessary.…”