Phenanthrene hydroconversion as a potential test reaction for the hydrogenating and cracking properties of coal hydroliquefaction catalysts

Catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over palladium/γ-Al2O3 under mild conditions

“…Products of hydrocracking that might have included alkyl-naphthalenes or their reduced congeners alkyl-tetralins or -decalins [36] were not detected. Neither were there any products of mass greater than 192.3 (perhydroanthracene).…”

“…tetrahydrophenanthrene to its methylcyclopentanic isomer over sulfided Ni-Mo/Al 2 O 3 at 430 • C [18]) or the process of ring shift (interconversion of anthracene derivatives and phenanthrene derivatives) that has been observed in the presence of a variety of catalysts at 200-300 • C, [19] in acid at 482 • C [20], thermally induced equilibration [21] or in the presence of AlCl 3 [22].…”

“…Presumably the two isomers of dodecahydro-intermediate corresponded to products in which either a terminal ring or an internal ring remained unsaturated. Of the two dodecahydrochrysene isomers, the structure with an internal aromatic ring has been reported to result in formation of a prominent propyl fragment (M-43) as well as a pronounced ethylenic fragment (M-28) [18]. The other isomer was characterized by a prominent M-82 fragment and the absence of an ethylenic fragment.…”

Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Aromatics and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons over Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

“…However, the versatility of the FCC in processing different low quality, high molecular weight oil fractions opens to new chances of improving fuel quality and yield by means of new catalysts producing less aromatics. [10][11][12] On the contrary, more importance has been given to the study of the hydrogenation of polycyclic compounds, [13][14][15] preferably naphthalene. At present, the catalysts are custom made, according to the particular conditions in a refinery (feedstock, technology, production scheme).…”

Production of aromatic compounds in the heavy naphtha and light cycle oil ranges: catalytic cracking of aromatics and C10 naphthenic‐aromatics

“…Then, the set of reactions on these reactants can be initiated through the electrophilic attack of catalyst surface protons and a resonant benzylic carbocation would be then formed, which has a stability similar to that of a secondary carbocation . This initial step has also been postulated for the reaction of alkylated benzenes such as isobutyl benzene or naphthenic‐aromatic compounds such as 9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene, or even for the formation of coke from benzene…”