Phast validation of discharge and atmospheric dispersion for pressurised carbon dioxide releases

Witlox, Henk W.M.; Harper, Matthew M.; Oke, Adeyemi; Stene, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2013.10.006

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Barry et al 23 investigated the evolution of pressure and temperature caused by liquid and vapor expansion, phase change, and heat transfer when the fast depressurization of LCO 2 occurred and proved that LCO 2 release resulted in extraordinarily low temperatures (−74.0°C) and solid CO 2 formation. Witlox et al 24 conducted a series of experimental studies on different phase states of CO 2 releases, and profoundly discussed the possible presence of phase state and concentration distribution in discharge area. In addition, much research into the numerical simulation of LCO 2 release has been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of the impact of liquid carbon dioxide injection on temperature in pulverized coal

Yang

Wen

et al. 2020

Greenhouse Gases

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Using liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) as a medium for underground coal fires prevention and control, while reducing the emissions of CO2, is a promising option for CO2 utilization worldwide. However, the mechanism of LCO2 flow with phase transition on coal temperature is still not clear. In this work, an experimental system was designed and fabricated to investigate the phase transition behavior and temperature variation during injecting LCO2 into pulverized coal and the impact of mass flow rate, nozzle diameter, and injection pressure on cooling effect. The results indicate that when LCO2 was injected into the pulverized coal, the instantaneous phase change into solid and vapor occurred just after leaving the release port. An intensive heat transfer process occurred because of the throttling effect, flashing effect, and sublimation and thereby formed a cooling area (<−56.6°C), which was the main area of cooling effect and phase transition; as injection time increases, the range of this area increases in the form of logarithmic function. In addition, the cooling area exhibited a strong dependence on the injection conditions, and its correlation with mass flow rate, nozzle diameter, and injection pressure are identified as exponential, logarithmic, and linear relationship by dimensionless analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, an empirical formula was developed for calculating the cooling effect under various injection conditions. In summary, the experiments provided fundamental data and regime for predicting the effect of LCO2 injection on the temperature of pulverized coal, which can be used to guide the utilization of LCO2 for coal fires prevention. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of the impact of liquid carbon dioxide injection on temperature in pulverized coal

Yang

Wen

et al. 2020

Greenhouse Gases

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“…Additionally, in order to generate a scenario involving blast loads related to man-made hazards, PHAST [12] as a consequencemodeling program was employed for several important factors such as humidity, temperature, material reactivity, and congestion. This validated program [13][14][15] is widely used to calculate the blast loadings using a Baker-Strehlow-Tang (BST) model in which the blast model is also validated by experimental data [16,17]. Three types of quantitative explosion analyses, low, medium, and high material reactivity and congestion levels, were performed, and PHAST-based blast time histories corresponding to those levels were derived.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Responses and Vibration of Flood‐Defense Structures under High‐Intensity Blast Loadings

Ryu

Jung

Son

et al. 2018

Shock and Vibration

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This study presented the blast behavior of flood-defense structures subjected to high-intensity loadings such as blast shock waves. In order to understand the blast behavior of weir structures, PHAST program was used to predict blast loadings in consideration of material reactivity and congestion levels. Environment factors such as weather data and atmospheric parameters were also considered in this study. Then, nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed using the ABAQUS platform to evaluate structural responses and blast vibration of concrete weir structures subjected to various types of blast loadings, due to uncertainties of the magnitude and durations of blast loads as a function of distance from the explosion. It was shown that the blast damage to concrete weir structure was significantly influenced by congestion levels or material reactivity. Also, the stress concentration under blast loading was observed at the connection area between the concrete weir body and stilling basin.

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“…Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques (Pontiggia et al, 2011;Scargiali et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2013;Tauseef et al, 2011) as well as analytical models (Hanna et al, 2003;Koornneef et al, 2010;Mazzoldi et al, 2011;Witlox et al, 2014) have all been widely applied. Compared to analytical models, CFD models use more detailed mathematical descriptions of the conservation principles, allowing the simulation of complex physical processes involving heat and mass transport in complicated computational domains (Scargiali et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the consequences of CO2 released from high-pressure pipelines

Liu

Godbole

Lü

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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The development of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technique requires an understanding of the hazards posed by the operation of high-pressure CO 2 pipelines. To allow the appropriate safety precautions to be taken, a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of unplanned CO 2 releases is essential before the deployment of CO 2 pipelines. In this paper, we present models for the predictions of discharge rate, atmospheric expansion and dispersion due to accidental CO 2 releases from high-pressure pipelines. The GERG-2008 Equation of State (EOS) was used in the discharge and expansion models. This enabled more precise 'source strength' predictions. The performance of the discharge and dispersion models was validated against experimental data. Full-bore ruptures of pipelines carrying CO 2 mixtures were simulated using the proposed discharge model. The propagation of the decompression wave in the pipeline and its influence on the release rate are discussed. The effects of major impurities in the CO 2 mixture on the discharge rate were also investigated. Considering typical CO 2 mixtures in the CCS applications, consequence distances for CO 2 pipelines of various sizes at different stagnation pressures were obtained using the dispersion model. In addition, the impact of H2S in a CO 2 mixture was studied and the threshold value of the fraction of H 2 S at the source for which the hazardous effects of H 2 S become significant was obtained. AbstractThe development of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technique requires an understanding of the hazards posed by the operation of high-pressure CO 2 pipelines. To allow the appropriate safety precautions to be taken, a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of unplanned CO 2 releases is essential before the deployment of CO 2 pipelines. In this paper, we present models for the predictions of discharge rate, atmospheric expansion and dispersion due to accidental CO 2 releases from high-pressure pipelines. The GERG-2008 Equation of State (EOS) was used in the discharge and expansion models. This enabled moreprecise 'source strength' predictions. The performance of the discharge and dispersion models was validated against experimental data. Full-bore ruptures of pipelines carrying CO 2 mixtures were simulated using the proposed discharge model. The propagation of the decompression wave in the pipeline and its influence on the release rate are discussed. The effects of major impurities in the CO 2 mixture on the discharge rate were also investigated. Considering typical CO 2 mixtures in the CCS applications, consequence distances for CO 2 pipelines of various sizes at different stagnation pressures were obtained using the dispersion model. In addition, the impact of H 2 S in a CO 2 mixture was studied and the threshold value of the fraction of H 2 S at the source for which the hazardous effects of H 2 S become significant was obtained. Keywords

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Phast validation of discharge and atmospheric dispersion for pressurised carbon dioxide releases

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental investigation of the impact of liquid carbon dioxide injection on temperature in pulverized coal

Experimental investigation of the impact of liquid carbon dioxide injection on temperature in pulverized coal

Blast Responses and Vibration of Flood‐Defense Structures under High‐Intensity Blast Loadings

Study of the consequences of CO2 released from high-pressure pipelines

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