Phased arrays-part II: implementations, applications, and future trends

Parker, Donn B.; Zimmermann, D.

doi:10.1109/22.989954

Cited by 170 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is reported that the rotary field ferrite phase shifter has the highest power handling capability by far but is the bulkiest and relatively more expensive when compared with other phase shifters [7]. The presented integrated vector sum phase shifter provides a low cost, small size alternative at the expense of power handling capability.…”

Section: Fig 2 Possible Implementation Of the Vector Sum Phase Shiftermentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4.3 GHz BiCMOS VCO with multiple 360° variable phase outputs using the vector sum method

Opperman

Sinha

2012

Analog Integr Circ Sig Process

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 4.3 GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with multiple independently tunable phase outputs is presented. The VCO is realized by coupling two LC oscillators together in order to obtain quadrature signals and is tunable between 4.12 and 4.74 GHz. The variable phase outputs are achieved by varying the amplitudes of the in-phase and quadrature signals independently and then combining these signals together. By using multiple Gilbert cells as variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), multiple tunable phase outputs are achieved with the use of only one quadrature VCO. The VGAs are controlled using a custom non-linear digital-toanalog converter. The entire circuit is designed using a 3.3 V SiGe BiCMOS process. A maximum phase noise of −108.17 dBc/Hz was measured over the entire tuning range at a 1 MHz offset. The outputs of the VCO can be used as local oscillators that achieve phase shifting during radio frequency up or down conversion.

show abstract

Section: Fig 2 Possible Implementation Of the Vector Sum Phase Shiftermentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4.3 GHz BiCMOS VCO with multiple 360° variable phase outputs using the vector sum method

Opperman

Sinha

2012

Analog Integr Circ Sig Process

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It consists of multiple stationary radiating elements fed with signals with different phase-shifts at different instants [4] [5]. Usually, till date, antenna elements, phase shifter component and feed network are designed and manufactured separately on different substrates and then integrated finally with hybrid connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS based monolithic Phased array using 3-bit Switched-line Phase Shifter

Karmakr

Roy

Bhattacharjee

2017

AEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article details the design of an electronically scanning phased array antenna with proposed fabrication process steps. Structure is based upon RF micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Capacitive type shunt switches have been implemented here to cater high frequency operation. The architecture, which is deigned at 30 GHz, consists of 3-bit (11.25º, 22.5º & 45º) integrated Switched-line phase shifter and a linearly polarized microstrip patch antenna. Detailed design tricks of the K aband phase shifter is outlined here. The whole design is targeted for future monolithic integration. So, the substrate of choice is High Resistive Silicon (ρ > 8kΩ-cm, tan δ =0.01 and ϵ r =11.8). The overall circuit occupies an crosssectional area of 20 × 5 mm 2 . The simulated results show that the phase shifter can provide nearly 11.25º/22.5º/45º phase shifts and their combinations at the expense of 1dB average insertion loss at 30 GHz for eight combinations. Practical fabrication process flow using surface micromachining is proposed here. Critical dimensions of the phased array structure is governed by the deign rules of the standard CMOS/MEMS foundry.

show abstract

“…Although the cost of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) in GaAs decreased recently due to the process maturity, it still takes a large portion of the total array system cost [6], [8], making a very large-scale array practically difficult to implement.…”

Section: Large-scale Phased-array Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach not only increases the assembly size and cost, but also degrades the system reliability due to the complicated configuration. Furthermore, several transmit/receive module components have been implemented using expensive compound semiconductors such as GaAs, which takes a substantial portion of the overall system cost [6], [8]. Thus, the size of phased arrays has been limited to a certain number of elements (10 or 10 at most), making it difficult to take full advantage of very large-scale array systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Scalable 6-to-18 GHz Concurrent Dual-Band Quad-Beam Phased-Array Receiver in CMOS low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers, phase shifters, attenuators, filters, mixers, and LO sources, are implemented in separate modules and then interconnected to each other externally [3], [6]. This approach not only increases the assembly size and cost, but also degrades the system reliability due to the complicated configuration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Scalable 6-to-18 GHz Concurrent Dual-Band Quad-Beam Phased-Array Receiver in CMOS

Jeon

Wang

et al. 2008

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-This paper reports a 6-to-18 GHz integrated phasedarray receiver implemented in 130-nm CMOS. The receiver is easily scalable to build a very large-scale phased-array system. It concurrently forms four independent beams at two different frequencies from 6 to 18 GHz. The nominal conversion gain of the receiver ranges from 16 to 24 dB over the entire band while the worst-case cross-band and cross-polarization rejections are achieved 48 dB and 63 dB, respectively. Phase shifting is performed in the LO path by a digital phase rotator with the worst-case RMS phase error and amplitude variation of 0.5 and 0.4 dB, respectively, over the entire band. A four-element phased-array receiver system is implemented based on four receiver chips. The measured array patterns agree well with the theoretical ones with a peak-to-null ratio of over 21.5 dB.

show abstract

Phased arrays-part II: implementations, applications, and future trends

Cited by 170 publications

References 20 publications

A 4.3 GHz BiCMOS VCO with multiple 360° variable phase outputs using the vector sum method

A 4.3 GHz BiCMOS VCO with multiple 360° variable phase outputs using the vector sum method

MEMS based monolithic Phased array using 3-bit Switched-line Phase Shifter

A Scalable 6-to-18 GHz Concurrent Dual-Band Quad-Beam Phased-Array Receiver in CMOS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About