Phased array radar initial alignment algorithm using mutual coupling: an iterative approach

Lujan, Javier; Fulton, Caleb; Yeary, Mark; Langley, Ellie; McCormick, Seth A.; Hedden, Abigail

doi:10.1117/12.2562963

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It relies on the assumption that coupling between an antenna element and its neighbors are the same for all elements in the array. Nonetheless, it was revealed by using a prototype system, it does not hold for small arrays due to unwanted edge effects [70][71]. A before/after approach is introduced to avoid errors introduced by edge effects, the ratio between the after and before status will quantify the changes suffered by the elements.…”

Section: The Mutual Coupling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These calibration methods vary from different systems and applications, either suitable for factory test or for in-field test [41]. Some methods such as the near-field scanning probe method and the peripheral fixed probe method require additional equipments [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], while the mutual coupling method takes advantage of the inherent property of the phased array without the need for extra hardware [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. For Si-based integrated phased array antenna, it's very common to design a dedicated coupling network that using transmission lines connected to each antenna element for periodic in-field calibration [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact Analysis and Calibration Methods of Excitation Errors for Phased Array Antennas

Gao

Zhang

2021

IEEE Access

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Phased array antennas have played a very important role in many different areas and applications. It requires precise excitation of each antenna element by various synthesis techniques to obtain desired array pattern features. However, due to reasons such as manufacturing imperfections, component aging, and temperature variation, the realistic antenna element excitation inevitably differs from their expected values in practice. This paper presents a tutorial-like review to deal with excitation errors for phased array antennas. Two kinds of analysis methods, probabilistic methods and interval arithmetic (IA) based methods, are presented to evaluate the effects of excitation errors for phased array antennas. State-ofthe-art calibration methods along with various signal processing techniques are reviewed, their advantages and challenges are discussed in a comparative manner. Some other common errors and open research directions are also presented.INDEX TERMS Phased array antenna, excitation error, interval arithmetic, array calibration.

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Section: The Mutual Coupling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Analysis and Calibration Methods of Excitation Errors for Phased Array Antennas

Gao

Zhang

2021

IEEE Access

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“…Probing methods can be considered on-site calibration methods since the phased antenna array under test must be within the field of view of the test probe/s. In mutual coupling methods, coupling between all pairs of antenna elements is used to characterize the exact relative phase and amplitude errors of each antenna element [16], [21], [22]. Lastly, in built-in network calibration methods, couplers are connected to the terminals of each antenna element in the phased array to sample the reference signal from the radiating element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mutual Coupling-Based Full Self-Online Calibration Method for Antenna Arrays in Uplink

Zorkun,

Salas-Natera,

Pinto

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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This paper proposes a mutual coupling based self-calibration method for transmit mode large scale antenna arrays. In accord with the proposed active antenna array model, gain/phase uncertainties, antenna element position errors and mutual coupling effects are reduced to an error matrix. The expansion of equations of the proposed calibration method are presented. The proposed calibration procedure is capable of compensating the error matrix while the system is operating and is suitable for off-line, on-site and online calibration procedures. The calibration procedure relies on the measurements of the error signal related to scan reflection coefficient while the system is operating, and the premeasured inter-element couplings. The calibration system takes pre-measured couplings, the geometry of the antenna array, the antenna weights and pointing direction as input, then, during the operation it combines input with the measured feedback signals to construct an array manifold. The coefficients of the error matrix are later estimated from the array manifold. The antenna weights are compensated by direct inversion of the estimated error matrix which involves division operator, yielding possible inaccurate coefficient estimation in hardware. Therefore, a globally convergent generalized inverse matrix approximation method is adopted. Simulation results with worst case errors and a simple experimental study are presented. The results show that with the proposed method, accurate calibration can be made with couplings only in the first and second order neighbors of an antenna element.INDEX TERMS Active antenna array, inverse matrix approximation, mutual coupling effect, self-calibration, up-link antenna arrays.

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Fully Digital Phased Array Development for Next Generation Weather Radar

Harger

Conway

Thomas

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf21)

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Phased array radar initial alignment algorithm using mutual coupling: an iterative approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Impact Analysis and Calibration Methods of Excitation Errors for Phased Array Antennas

Impact Analysis and Calibration Methods of Excitation Errors for Phased Array Antennas

A Mutual Coupling-Based Full Self-Online Calibration Method for Antenna Arrays in Uplink

Fully Digital Phased Array Development for Next Generation Weather Radar

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