Phase variation in ECHO virus type 6

Karzon, David T.; Pollock, Beatrice; Barron, Almen L.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(59)90149-7

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Any one test is insufficient to classify a strain, but with only one or two additional tests a reasonably reliable estimate can be made. The variation found with the serological and dextran markers is similar to that described (Karzon, Pollock & Barron, 1959) …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genetic marker studies of poliovirus: I. Natural variation

Cossart

1967

J. Hyg.

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The properties of naturally occurring poliovirus strains of each serotype have been studied using three marker tests: the R.C.T.40 test, intratypic serodifferentiation and, for type 1 strains only, inhibition by dextran sulphate.The results show that while most strains resemble the prototype strain of the same serotype, considerable natural variation exists, especially in the ability to grow at temperatures between 39° and 40° C.No correlation has been found between the results of the tests on individual strains and it is concluded that no single test is sufficient to characterize a strain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genetic marker studies of poliovirus: I. Natural variation

Cossart

1967

J. Hyg.

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“…Such variation as observed in the present study may be different from the phase variation reported in echovirus 6 [9].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…The antigenic diversity among strains within a serotype has been reported with some enteroviruses [2,6,8,9]. Such variation as observed in the present study may be different from the phase variation reported in echovirus 6 [9].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Serologic Relationship of Coxsackie A16 Viruses from the Epidemic of Hand‐Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in Japan, 1970, to the Prototype Strain

Fujimiya

Oyama

Numazaki

et al. 1974

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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In 1970, a great outbreak of hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease (HFMD) due to Coxsackie A16 virus (Cox A16) occurred throughout Japan. When serologic relationship between the viruses isolated during the epidemic and the prototype strain of the serotype was examined by the tube neutralization test, the crude new isolates were found to be poorly neutralized by both an antiserum against the prototype strain and those against the isolates, although they were neutralized significantly in the plaque reduction test. However, about 2% of virus in crude suspensions of the isolates remained unneutralized even in the plaque reduction test and this fraction could be eliminated by filtering the virus materials through a 100 mμ Millipore filter. Therefore, the difficulty in neutralization of the isolates by the tube method could be accounted for by the presence of aggregated viruses. Even when filtered viruses were used, the reciprocal neutralization kinetic studies revealed a significant serological difference between the isolates and the prototype strain. Such serological properties of the isolates were not influenced by the cell types used for virus isolation or passages. All the results suggest that the Cox A16 isolates from the epidemic of HFMD in Japan, 1970, are serologically different from the prototype strain.

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“…Similar strain variation during an epidemic due to echo 6 was noted by Karzon, Pollock & Barron (1959).…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 48%

An epidemic associated with echovirus type 18

Kennett

Ellis

Lewis

et al. 1972

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYDuring the period October 1968 to March 1969 echovirus type 18 was isolated from 83 patients investigated at Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Melbourne. The illnesses most commonly associated with these isolations were aseptic meningitis, and fever with rash.We believe that this is the first report of an epidemic due to echovirus type 18 and the first occasion on which this virus has been shown to produce disease in adults.

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Phase variation in ECHO virus type 6

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Genetic marker studies of poliovirus: I. Natural variation

Genetic marker studies of poliovirus: I. Natural variation

Serologic Relationship of Coxsackie A16 Viruses from the Epidemic of Hand‐Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in Japan, 1970, to the Prototype Strain

An epidemic associated with echovirus type 18

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