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PREFACE
Recent developments and achievements inmeasurement techniques especially in optical and electro-optical methods like holography, shearography, speckle interferometry, grid-methods, modern modification of photoelasticity and photoviscoelasticity have opened new fields of applying experimental analysis in solid mechanics, in research as well as in industrial practice. Combined with computer techniques in digital image processing, data recording and data evaluation complex measuring systems can be realised nowadays with the possibility of far-reaching automation of the entire analysing processes. The sensitivity and the high resolving power of recording equipment requires thorough investigation of any effects on the precision and reliability of the measurements. Therefore it is necessary, to deal with the physics and the theories of the measurement methods in order to interpret the observed phenomena correctly. Furthermore proper algorithms must be available to evaluate the measured data to get the finally wanted infonnation, which generally do not coincide with the quantities taken from the measurements originally. This fact requires complementary scientific considerations of the theories concerning the problems to be analysed. At least the combination of experimental and mathematical/numerical procedures for evaluation and interpretation, known as "hybrid technique", demands additional contemplation. The lectures cover i. the theory and the physics of advanced optical measuring methods and problems of experimental performance, recent achievements in 2and ]-dimensional linear/non-linear photoelasticity including photovisco-elasticity, Moire-and grid-techniques, illfe1jerometric methods (holography. speckle inte1.ferometry, shearography): 11.the theory (~f digital image processing and its pe1jomwnce. data-recording, -compression, -processing, -l'isuali:::ation:iii. mathematical and numerical procedures. il{formatics for emluation of measured, digiti:;,ed data.As the co-ordinator (~f the CISM-course "Modem Optical Methods in Experimellfal Solid Mechanics .. and the editor (~f the lecture notes I grate.fitlly thank the lecturers/autlwrsfor the e.fjectil'e co-operation and thorough re\·ising the manuscripts. the resident Rector. the General Secretary. the ChiefEditor.and explicitly the st(!ffmemhers (~f CISM Secretariat.f(Jr support and excellent organisation (~f the course. Many thanks to the Springer-Verlag .f(Jr publishing the lecture notes.
Karl-Hans LaennannABSTRACT Optical methods in experimental solid mechanics, yielding field information, combined with digital image processing and on-line evaluation of the experimentally obtained data by means of numerical procedures enable the stress-stra...