Phase transitions of stored laser-cooled ions

Blümel, R.; Chen, J. M.; Peik, Ekkehard; Quint, W.; Schleich, Wolfgang P.; Shen, Y. R.; Walther, H.

doi:10.1038/334309a0

Cited by 215 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

140

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Here (grey curve), at first the fluorescence follows the previous curve, then decreases abruptly, and subsequently rises to a sharp peak whose width is dominated by the saturation broadened line-width of the transition. This signature of an abrupt decrease, marked by the arrow, has been previously observed in ion traps [32,33] and indicates the phase transition to the crystalline state. After a slight reduction of the confining potential, the phase transition cannot be resolved any more (black curve).…”

Section: Id Crystalline Ion Beams (Strings)supporting

confidence: 72%

Crystalline ion beams in the RF quadrupole storage ring PALLAS

Schramm¹,

Schätz²,

Habs³

2002

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.We report on the crystallization of laser cooled Mg+ ion beams circulating in the table-top rf quadrupole storage ring PALLAs at a velocity of 2800 m/s (beam energy I eV). A sudden collapse of the transverse beam size and the low velocity spread clearly indicate the phase transition to a onedimensional linear string of ions. This crystalline beam shows exceptional stability, surviving for more than 3000 revolutions without cooling. Close to the phase transition, the spatial beam profile of non-crystalline beams was found to exhibit an unexpected two component Gaussian distribution. Although its origin is not yet fully understood, we can exploit this effect for the identification of two-and three-dimensional crystalline beams.

show abstract

Section: Id Crystalline Ion Beams (Strings)supporting

confidence: 72%

Crystalline ion beams in the RF quadrupole storage ring PALLAS

Schramm¹,

Schätz²,

Habs³

2002

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition. Under specific experimental conditions, the ionic ensemble at that point has reached a temperature sufficient for entering a liquidlike [22] or a crystal-like state [41,42], as was shown in corresponding measurements in rf traps. However, we note that the characteristic "kink" in the fluorescence spectra observed in rf traps exhibits slightly more complicated dynamics, since the mechanism of rf heating needs to be considered.…”

Section: Cooling Modelsupporting

confidence: 54%

Rapid crystallization of externally produced ions in a Penning trap

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have studied the cooling dynamics, formation process, and geometric structure of mesoscopic crystals of externally produced magnesium ions in a Penning trap. We present a cooling model and measurements for a combination of buffer gas cooling and laser cooling which has been found to reduce the ion kinetic energy by eight orders of magnitude from several hundreds of eV to μeV and below within seconds. With ion numbers of the order of 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 5 , such cooling leads to the formation of ion Coulomb crystals which display a characteristic shell structure in agreement with the theory of non-neutral plasmas. We show the production and characterization of two-species ion crystals as a means of sympathetic cooling of ions lacking a suitable laser-cooling transition.

show abstract

“…Among the most widely used is the Paul trap [9], which allows one to monitor single ions [12] and study the stability of many ion crystals [13][14][15]. Experimental studies of ions confined in this type of trap have shown a transition from a cloud of ions to a crystalline structure with decreasing temperature [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-temperature crossover from a crystalline to a cluster phase for a confined finite chain of ions

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Employing Monte Carlo simulation techniques we investigate the statistical properties of equally charged particles confined in a one-dimensional box trap and detect a crossover from a crystalline to a cluster phase with increasing temperature. The corresponding transition temperature depends separately on the number of particles N and the box size L, implying nonextensivity due to the long-range character of the interactions. The probability density of the spacing between the particles exhibits at low temperatures an accumulation of discrete peaks with an overall asymmetric shape. In the vicinity of the transition temperature it is of a Gaussian form, whereas in the high-temperature regime an exponential decay is observed. The high-temperature behavior shows a cluster phase with a mean cluster size that first increases with the temperature and then saturates. The crossover is clearly identifiable also in the nonlinear behavior of the heat capacity with varying temperature. The influence of the trapping potential on the observed results as well as possible experimental realizations are briefly addressed.

show abstract

Phase transitions of stored laser-cooled ions

Cited by 215 publications

References 41 publications

Crystalline ion beams in the RF quadrupole storage ring PALLAS

Crystalline ion beams in the RF quadrupole storage ring PALLAS

Rapid crystallization of externally produced ions in a Penning trap

Finite-temperature crossover from a crystalline to a cluster phase for a confined finite chain of ions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About