Grinding o f C sH S 0 4 can create a low-energy state which relaxes at 375 K by a first order phase transition with an endothermic enthalpy change of 1.14kJ/mol. The formed low-energy state can be transferred by one-dimensional pressure to a higher energy state which relaxes at 333 K by a first order phase transition with an endothermic enthalpy change of 0.55 kJ/mol. This striking -previously unknown -behaviour is probably not limited to C sH S 0 4 only, and it represents a new class of phase transitions. The involvement of the hydrogen bond present and the im portance of water content are stressed. The tem peratures and enthalpies of all three phase transitions of C sH S 04 are determ ined by DSC.Recently it was found that different preparation techniques of a solid sample (grinding, one-dimensional pressing, crystallisation) can lead to consider able differences in several physical properties. This was shown for Ag2HgI4 samples whose thermal characteristics of an order-disorder transition were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [1, 2], The present paper reports on much more spectacular effects in CsHS04. Mechanical treat ment can create or shift energy states which relax as first order phase transitions with endothermic enthalpy changes. Thus more ordered states can result from mechanical treatment, an effect which is opposite to the well known creation of dislocations or point defects.During the last years solid-solid transitions of CsHS04 [3-7] have become of great interest because of the unusual electrical properties of this substance. However the reported data on these transitions disagree: The first paper [3] mentions two transitions, one at 373 K and a second one at 413 K, the first one being characterized by a negligible heat capacity anomaly and more pro nounced dielectric constant anomalies. This first transition was not found in the more recent papers [4][5][6]. We could show that it is due to the relaxation of a low-energy state (called state II below), which Reprint requests to Prof. A. Lunden, is created by grinding. On the other hand, a phase transition at about 333 K, not found in the first paper [3], has been reported in [4-6], As we shall see, on applying one-dimensional pressure, state II goes over to a state III with a slightly higher energy, which relaxes by a first order phase transition around 333 K with an endothermic enthalpy change. We also shall demonstrate the importance of water vapour for the phase transitions observed, which was completely disregarded before [3][4][5][6]. This seems important in connection with the hydrogen bonds surely involved.As previously [1, 2], a commercial DSC (Rigaku, Japan) equipment was used in our investigations. This enabled a quick and reproducible thermal analysis of differently treated samples, measuring simultaneously the transition temperature and the accompanying enthalpy change. Additional infor mation is available from the shape and structure of the obtained transition peak.CsHS04 crystals were obtained by evaporation at room t...