Phase Transitions and Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid—Solvent Mixtures

Abstract

Recent advances in studies of ionic liquids (IL) and ionic liquid–solvent mixtures are reviewed. Selected experimental, simulation, and theoretical results for electrochemical, thermodynamical, and structural properties of IL and IL-solvent mixtures are described. Special attention is paid to phenomena that are not predicted by the classical theories of the electrical double layer or disagree strongly with these theories. We focus on structural properties, especially on distribution of ions near electrodes, on electrical double layer capacitance, on effects of confinement, including decay length of a dissjoining pressure between confinig plates, and on demixing phase transition. In particular, effects of the demixing phase transition on electrochemical properties of ionic liquid–solvent mixtures for different degrees of confinement are presented.

Ionic Liquid‐Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensors, Energy, Biomedicine, and Environmental Applications: Roadmap to the Future

“…Reproduced with permission. [23] Copyright 2021, MDPI. future generations of composite structural batteries; ILs composites/nanocomposites could be integrated within the battery's architecture to increase energy density and tuning of the dielectric properties.…”

Ionic Liquid-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…Halides, tetrafluoroborate, nitrate, sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphate, and amino acid, among others, serve as anionic bases for the preparation of ILs. Adapted from [ 2 ].…”

“…Halides, tetrafluoroborate, nitrate, sulfonate, carboxylate, phosphate, and amino acid, among others, serve as anionic bases for the preparation of ILs. Adapted from [2]. Some of the interesting physical-chemical properties of ILs include viscosity [4,5], melting temperature [6], solubility, stability at high temperatures, and surface activity [7], which are important for developing suitable materials for biomedical applications.…”

“…ILs are commonly defined as salts entirely composed of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions with low melting temperatures [ 1 ]. Due to the high number of possible cations and anions, a large amount of different ILs with a variety of functionalities can be synthesized ( Figure 1 ) [ 1 , 2 ]. Further, their unique properties make ILs an interesting approach for the development of polymer-based hybrid materials.…”

Capacitive energy storage in single-file pores: Exactly-solvable models and simulations

“…Confined ionic liquids attract a growing interest of the research community [1][2][3][4][5][6], as they exhibit interesting physics and find numerous applications, particularly in green energy storage [7][8][9][10] and conversion [11][12][13], water desalination [14][15][16], etc. For instance, the highest achievable capacitance has been obtained for supercapacitors with electrodes featuring subnanometer pores, comparable in size to the size of a desolvated ion [17][18][19].…”