Phase transition patterns in relativistic and nonrelativistic multi-scalar-field models

Abstract

We discuss the phenomena of symmetry nonrestoration and inverse symmetry breaking in the context of multi-scalar field theories at finite temperatures and present its consequences for the relativistic HiggsKibble multi-field sector as well as for a nonrelativistic model of hard core spheres. For relativistic scalar field models, it has been shown previously that temperature effects on the couplings do not alter, qualitatively, the phase transition pattern. Here, we show that for the nonrelativistic analogue of these models inverse symmetry breaking, as well as symmetry nonrestoration, cannot take place, at high temperatures, when the temperature dependence of the two-body couplings is considered. However, the temperature behavior in the nonrelativistic models allows for the appearance of reentrant phases.

Finite-size effects on the phase transition in a four- and six-fermion interaction model

“…In what the inverse symmetry-breaking is concerned, it is worth to mention that "exotic" phase transitions as these we find here, where the high temperature phase is less symmetric than the low-T one, are known in the literature. They resemble the inverse symmetry-breaking (or symmetry nonrestoration) which is found in some scalar multifield models [31,32,33,34,35,36]. Such unusual behavior has also been found in a gauge theory with an extra compactified dimension [37] and for the GN model with a random chemical potential [38].…”

Inverse Supersymmetry Breaking in S1 × R3

“…Therefore, at high temperature and for certain values of the parameters, the initial O(N 1 )×O(N 2 ) is broken to O(N 1 ). This so-called inverse symmetry breaking was first pointed out by Weinberg [26] and has been extensively studied by many authors [36][37][38][39][40][41]. Symmetry non-restoration was used in [40] to solve the monopole problem in the SU (5) GUT.…”

Bose–Einstein condensation and symmetry breaking of a complex charged scalar field

“…Symmetry breaking is one of the most essential concepts in particle physics and has been extensively used to study the behavior of particle interactions in many systems [6]. In some cases, phase transitions are also identified as changes of states that can be related to changes of symmetries in the system [7].…”