Phase transformations of siderite ore by the thermomagnetic analysis data

Ponomar, Vitalii; Dudchenko, N.O.; Брик, А. Б.

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.09.124

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The magnetization roasting of siderite includes the efficient decomposition and conversion of FeCO 3 into magnetite and avoiding the oxidation of roasted ore during cooling Processes 2023, 11, 1020 2 of 12 so that the magnetic separation effect is not affected. The iron mineral transformation pattern, reaction kinetics, and magnetic separation of siderite by magnetization roasting have been systematically investigated in previous studies [2][3][4][5]. These results confirmed that siderite could be efficiently magnetized by calcination at 600-800 • C for 3-10 s in a reducing atmosphere, and magnetite could be effectively collected by the multiprocess weak magnetic separation method [7,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Siderite reserves in China are as high as 1.8 billion tons; however, they have not been utilized on a large scale owing to technological and production cost constraints [1]. The global supply of high-quality iron ore resources is becoming insufficient with the increasing demand for iron and steel to realize economic and social development; hence, developing new technologies for the comprehensive utilization of hard-to-elect iron ores is of great practical importance, particularly in China [2][3][4]. The Daxigou iron ore mine, located in Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, China, is the largest iron ore mine in China, with a reserve of more than 300 million tons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a reasonable approach is to use dry cooling to avoid these problems [17]. For powdered materials, a suitable medium for efficient dry cooling is gas; however, the introduction of air cooling that leads to magnetite oxidation is an issue [2,4,7,11,13]. Recently, much research has been carried out on dry cooling technology; their results have confirmed that if the dry cooling rate is fast enough, the magnetite can directly cross the oxidation reaction stage, and their oxidation can be prevented [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot Study on a New Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting Process for Efficient Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite

et al. 2023

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Realizing the large-scale development and utilization of siderite, a difficult iron ore reserve, has great practical significance in ensuring the supply of iron ore resources. Therefore, a new in-house conveyor bed magnetization roasting–dry cooling process was pilot-tested using low-grade siderite from the Daxigou iron ore mine. A two-stage weak magnetic separation method was used for a beneficiation test to investigate the influence of temperature and CO content on the magnetization of siderite. At 600 °C and 800 °C under suspension, iron minerals were converted into magnetite with an effective 3–5 s residence time. Furthermore, at 600 °C and 750 °C, increasing the calcination temperature increased the iron grade and the concentrate recovery rate. However, calcination at temperatures >750 °C resulted in a slight decrease in the iron grade and recovery rate of the concentrate. 61.50% Fe grade and 80.30% concentrate recovery rate were obtained under 750 °C from magnetization roasting. Magnetization roasting in a reducing atmosphere provides mainly magnetite as the roasted ore, and increased CO content can efficiently promote this effect. At 700–780 °C and when the CO content was increased to more than 3 wt.%, the improvement of the roasting effect was very limited. Rapid cooling of the roasted ore using a mixture of circulating exhaust gas and air could prevent considerable oxidation of the magnetic ferrous material. Therefore, the preferred process conditions are 700–780 °C with a CO content range of 1–3%. It provided a concentrate iron grade of 59.27–61.50% and a recovery rate of 78.32–80.30%. The results of this study provide a reference for the development of conveyor bed magnetization technology, process design, and production control.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot Study on a New Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting Process for Efficient Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite

et al. 2023

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“…The development of efficient utilization technology for siderite can increase the reserves of available iron ore, improve the tight situation of iron ore supply, and ensure the iron ore security of China. Magnetization roasting followed by magnetic separation was the most effective technology for the exploitation and utilization of siderite resources [1][2][3][4]. During the process, the siderite could be transformed to a highly magnetic mineral phase, while the magnetism of gangue minerals was barely changed, benefiting magnetic separation of the iron minerals and gangue minerals effectively [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heating Rate on Pyrolysis Behavior and Kinetic Characteristics of Siderite

Zhang

Han

et al. 2017

Minerals

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The pyrolysis characteristics of siderite at different heating rates under the neutral atmosphere were investigated using various tools, including comprehensive thermal analyzer, tube furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and vibrating specimen magnetometer (VSM) measurements. The reaction of siderite pyrolysis followed the one-step reaction under the neutral atmosphere: FeCO 3 → Fe 3 O 4 + CO 2 + CO. As the increasing of heating rate, the start and end pyrolysis temperatures and temperate where maximum weight loss rate occurred increased, while the total mass loss were essentially the same. Increasing heating rate within a certain range was in favor of shortening the time of each reaction stage, and the maximum conversion rate could be reached with a short time. The most probable mechanism function for non-isothermal pyrolysis of siderite at different heating rates was A 1/2 reaction model (nucleation and growth reaction). With increasing heating rate, the corresponding activation energies and the pre-exponential factors increased, from 446.13 to 505.19 kJ•mol −1 , and from 6.67 × 10 −18 to 2.40 × 10 −21 , respectively. All siderite was transformed into magnetite with a porous structure after pyrolysis, and some micro-cracks were formed into the particles. The magnetization intensity and specific susceptibility increased significantly, which created favorable conditions for the further effective concentration of iron ore.

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“…FeCO 3 has attracted considerable attention as this mineral is related to CO 2 capture, the carbon cycle of the earth, natural protection against corrosion, and much more. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FeCO₃ Synthesis Pathways: The Influence of Temperature, Duration, and Pressure

2023

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FeCO3 is present as scales in process equipment, corrosion products, geological systems, and carbon storage. It is therefore crucial to investigate the properties of FeCO3 to understand scaling in all these systems. However, FeCO3 is not commercially available, and when used in the lab it is either obtained through extraction of geological formations or synthesized in-house. Geologically formed FeCO3 contains multiple impurities, which will affect its overall properties, and the synthesized product is highly sensitive to either oxidation or the synthesis pathways. This work explores the parameter space of a synthesis route routinely and pathways for FeCO3. We characterized the structure of FeCO3 using X-ray powder diffraction and its thermal properties with thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. We show how synthesis parameters influence either the macroscopic or microscopic properties of the synthesized product. Our study serves as a guideline for future research regarding what parameters to choose when synthesizing FeCO3 and what product can be obtained. We herein present a novel fundamental understanding of FeCO3.

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Phase transformations of siderite ore by the thermomagnetic analysis data

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Pilot Study on a New Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting Process for Efficient Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite

Pilot Study on a New Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting Process for Efficient Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite

Effect of Heating Rate on Pyrolysis Behavior and Kinetic Characteristics of Siderite

FeCO₃ Synthesis Pathways: The Influence of Temperature, Duration, and Pressure

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Phase transformations of siderite ore by the thermomagnetic analysis data

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Pilot Study on a New Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting Process for Efficient Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite

Pilot Study on a New Conveyor Bed Magnetization Roasting Process for Efficient Iron Extraction from Low-Grade Siderite

Effect of Heating Rate on Pyrolysis Behavior and Kinetic Characteristics of Siderite

FeCO3 Synthesis Pathways: The Influence of Temperature, Duration, and Pressure

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FeCO₃ Synthesis Pathways: The Influence of Temperature, Duration, and Pressure