Phase Transformations and Microstructure Evolution During Combustion of Iron Powder

Choisez, Laurine; Rooij, Niek van; Hessels, C.J.M.; Silva, Alisson Kwiatkowski da; Ma, Yan; Filho, Isnaldi Souza; Goey, de Lph Philip; Springer, Hauke; Raabe, D.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4080963

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…This includes, for example, the direct injection of hydrogen (or ammonia, methane, methanol, etc.) as additional fuels or the injection of metallic powders as an energy-supplying fuel, , provided that these substances are produced by using sustainable energy (see also section ). In contrast, many of the metals required for erecting completely new sustainable power plants are not currently available on the market.…”

Section: Rebound Effects Associated With Metals Needed For Green Tech...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another aspect that is currently being considered in research is how completely and how precisely the combustion of the corresponding metals takes place and into exactly which oxidation stages it proceeds. Detailed microstructure- and alloy-oriented research on these topics has also only just begun on the corresponding materials …”

Section: Sustainable Combustion Of Metals and Alloys: A Nexus For Cle...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

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Section: Rebound Effects Associated With Metals Needed For Green Tech...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sustainable Combustion Of Metals and Alloys: A Nexus For Cle...mentioning

confidence: 99%