Phase-Transfer Catalysis

doi:10.1021/bk-1997-0659

Cited by 87 publications

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“…With an increase in of hydrophobicity of the phase-transfer catalyst in the range Ph 4 PCl > Ph 4 PBr > Ph 4 PI the transfer of hydroxide ion from aqueous to organic phase decreases which is related to a steric effect. Unfortunately, it is impossible to determine the relative contributions of the hydrophobic effect due to the lack of the data on hydroxide ion distribution between aqueous and organic phases [9]. In the presence of the tetraphenylphosphonium salts three types of semi-logarithmic kinetic curves in the first-order reaction coordinates was observed [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Extraction Equilibria in the Reaction of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Activated Amino Acid Esters / Badanie Równowag Ekstrakcji W Reakcji Zasadowej Hydrolizy Aktywowanych Estrów Aminokwasów

Doroshkevich

Баранова

Shendrik

et al. 2014

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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Correlation between observed kinetic effects of phase-transfer catalytic reaction of the alkaline hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl ester of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine-4 in the two-phase system chloroform-borate buffer pH = 10 and a content of ionic forms of catalyst was investigated. The phosphonium salts QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) shows high catalytic reactivity. Dependence of the reaction kinetics discussed in the framework of the extraction mechanism with a competitive extraction of a nucleophile ОН¯, nucleofuge 4-NO2C6H4O¯ and anion X¯ of the phase-transfer catalyst.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Extraction Equilibria in the Reaction of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Activated Amino Acid Esters / Badanie Równowag Ekstrakcji W Reakcji Zasadowej Hydrolizy Aktywowanych Estrów Aminokwasów

Doroshkevich

Баранова

Shendrik

et al. 2014

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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Phase‐Transfer Catalysis

Albanese¹

2008

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Phase‐transfer catalysis (PTC) is a powerful tool to carry out many organic reactions in a practical fashion, both in the laboratory and on the industrial scale. Significant cost savings and major process improvements can be achieved in reactions performed in water–organic solvent mixtures. Particularly striking is the possibility of replacing expensive solvents and dangerous bases that require strictly anhydrous conditions with aqueous bases and apolar, environmentally friendly, easily recyclable solvents. During the last decade notable results, both in terms of yields and stereoselectivity, were obtained in various reactions performed in the presence of chiral, nonracemic quaternary ammonium salts.

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Phase Transfer Catalysis

Albanese

Penso

2020

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Phase transfer catalysis (PTC) is a powerful tool to carry out organic reactions in a practical fashion, both in laboratory and industrial scale. Significant cost savings and major process improvements can be achieved in reactions performed in water–organic solvent mixtures under PTC conditions. Accordingly, the market of phase transfer catalysts has continuously grown in the past few years reaching 1000 USD Million size. Particularly advantageous is the possibility to replace expensive solvents and dangerous bases such as sodium hydride, requiring strictly anhydrous conditions, with aqueous bases and apolar, environmentally friendly, and easily recyclable solvents. During the last decade, notable results have been obtained in stereoselective reactions performed in the presence of chiral, non‐racemic quaternary ammonium salts. In addition, new avenues have been opened by the use of bulky chiral phosphate anions to generate lipophilic ion pairs enabling the stereoselective construction of important building blocks. Large scale industrial applications of asymmetric PTC have also been described.

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Phase-Transfer Catalysis

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Study of Extraction Equilibria in the Reaction of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Activated Amino Acid Esters / Badanie Równowag Ekstrakcji W Reakcji Zasadowej Hydrolizy Aktywowanych Estrów Aminokwasów

Study of Extraction Equilibria in the Reaction of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Activated Amino Acid Esters / Badanie Równowag Ekstrakcji W Reakcji Zasadowej Hydrolizy Aktywowanych Estrów Aminokwasów

Phase‐Transfer Catalysis

Phase Transfer Catalysis

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