Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Industrial Perspective

Starks, Charles M.; Liotta, Charles L.; Halpern, Marc

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0687-0_15

Cited by 38 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…monium salts is log E sy2.0q0.54 n. 2 A quantita-Q picrate tive parameter for characterizing accessibility was suggested Ž . Starks et al, 1994 based on the strong dependence of electrostatic interaction on the distance of closest approach be-Ž tween cation and anion which is determined by steric fac-. tors .…”

Section: Relationship Between Extraction Constant and Hydrophilelipopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase-transfer catalysis PTC is an effective tool for synthesizing organic chemicals from two immiscible reactants Ž . Dehmlow and Dehmlow, 1993;Starks et al, 1994 . Quaternary salts are generally used as phase-transfer catalysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…and Damodaran, 1971a, b;Wu et al, 1998a, b . On the basis of experimental data and earlier literature Ž . Dehmlow and Dehmlow, 1993;Starks et al, 1994;Wu, 1996 , a generalized approach describing a liquid᎐liquid phase-Ž . transfer catalyzed LLPTC reaction system uses a pseudofirst-order reaction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Modeling and extractive properties of quaternary salt in a two‐phase system

Tseng

2002

AIChE Journal

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Section: Relationship Between Extraction Constant and Hydrophilelipopmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Modeling and extractive properties of quaternary salt in a two‐phase system

Tseng

2002

AIChE Journal

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“…Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) [1][2][3] is an effective technique for conducting heterogeneous reactions where the reagents are located in different phases [4]. In order to reaction take place, the pinch of phase-transfer catalyst was added to the reaction system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonically Promoted Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate in Solid-Liquid Heterogeneous Phase Transfer Catalysis Condition

Abimannan¹,

Rajendran²

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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In this paper, the synthesis of ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate from β-naphthol and ethyl 2-bromoacetate under ultrasound and catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salt in solid-liquid heterogeneous condition was described. Trace amount of water play a major role in this solid-liquid reaction. The reaction follows pseudo first order rate law. The apparent rate constant of the organic phase reaction was obtained form the experimental data. The combination of small amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and ultrasound (kapp = 25.22×10 -3 min -1 ) shows several fold enhanced rate of the reaction than the conventional operation (kapp = 6.42×10 -3 min -1 for TBAB only). The rate constant increases (0.05 to 0.3 g) with increase in the concentration of catalyst (from kapp = 10.12×10 -3 min -1 to kapp = 34.46×10 -3 min -1 ). The other kinetic effects such as, effect of agitation speed, kind of frequency of ultrasound, kind of various quantity of K2CO3, quantity of water, temperature, different quaternary ammonium salts, solvents and volume of organic solvents on the conversion of ethyl 2-bromoacetate and apparent rate constant were investigated in detail and rational explanations are provided.

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“…The proposed process is given in Scheme 2. The sodium dodecyl sulfate [39] transfers H + from the aqueous phase to the organic phase for the protonation of DHA. The protonated DHA reacts, probably though an S N 1 reaction, with Br À to give bromide 6, [40] which in turn reacts with the nucleophilic amine to give 5.…”

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confidence: 99%

Convenient Access Both to Highly Antimalaria‐Active 10‐Arylaminoartemisinins, and to 10‐Alkyl Ethers Including Artemether, Arteether, and Artelinate

Haynes

Chan

et al. 2005

ChemBioChem

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An economical phase-transfer method is used to prepare 10-arylaminoartemisinins from DHA and arylamines, and artemether, arteether, and artelinate from the corresponding alcohols. In vivo sc screens against Plasmodium berghei and P. yoelii in mice reveal that the p-fluorophenylamino derivative 5 g is some 13 and 70 times, respectively, more active than artesunate; this reflects the very high sc activity of 10-alkylaminoartemisinins. However, through the po route, the compounds are less active than the alkylaminoartemisinins, but still approximately equipotent with artesunate.

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Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Industrial Perspective

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Modeling and extractive properties of quaternary salt in a two‐phase system

Modeling and extractive properties of quaternary salt in a two‐phase system

Ultrasonically Promoted Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate in Solid-Liquid Heterogeneous Phase Transfer Catalysis Condition

Convenient Access Both to Highly Antimalaria‐Active 10‐Arylaminoartemisinins, and to 10‐Alkyl Ethers Including Artemether, Arteether, and Artelinate

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