Phase structure of the linear sigma model with the standard symmetry breaking term

The extended quark sigma model at finite temperature and baryonic chemical potential

“…This conclusion agrees with theˇndings of Nemoto et al [24], who showed that the Goldstone theorem is satisˇed when the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken. Also, Phat and Thu [13] showed that the Goldstone theorem is satisˇed when the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken in the (T, μ I ) plane, where μ I is the isospin chemical potential.…”

“…This indicates that the phase transition is a second-order transition. The second-order phase transition is predicted in [13,30] at zero baryonic chemical potential using the quark sigma model and the NJL model. Therefore, the higher-order mesonic interactions are not affected on the qualitative feature of the phase transition.…”

Nucleon properties in the quantized linear sigma model at finite temperature and chemical potential

“…At finite temperature and density, the linear sigma model and its modifications show significant success in the description of the chiral phase transition and the static properties of the nucleon, as discussed in [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. There are some limited research works on nucleon properties at finite temperature and density in the framework of the linear sigma model.…”

On the symmetry improved CJT formalism in the O(4) linear sigma model

“…As a quite popular model, the linear sigma model [3] for the phenomenology of QCD has been composed to describe the vacuum structure with incorporating chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking. The model can be used to describe a restoration of the chiral symmetry at finite temperature in the Hartree-Fock or Hartree approximation [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] within the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) formalism [13], also at finite isospin chemical potential [14][15][16][17][18]. However, except the case in the larger-N approximation [5][6] [7], these kinds of studies suffer from two major drawbacks.…”