Phase Shifting Transformer Electromagnetic Model Dedicated for Power System Protection Testing in a Transient Condition

Bednarczyk, Tomasz; Szablicki, M.; Halinka, A.; Rzepka, P.; Sowa, P.

doi:10.3390/en14030627

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These features are collected and presented in Figure 5. According to the features presented in Figure 5, we can conclude that symmetrical solutions allow for the control of active power only, while asymmetrical ones influence both active and reactive power transferred in the line with the PST [22,23].…”

Section: Pst Features and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These units, due to their series windings construction and the energization of the excitation windings (direct type) or excitation transformer (indirect type) provides constant voltage values for input and output voltages. This only involves a change in angles, so only active power flows can be controlled in this way [22]. The phasor diagram and the connection scheme of the symmetrical direct PST are presented in Figures 3 and 4, respectively.…”

Section: Symmetrical Phase-shifting Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase-Shifting Transformer Efficiency Analysis Based on Low-Voltage Laboratory Units

Albrechtowicz

2021

Energies

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Phase-shifting transformers are effective elements used to control power flows in many power systems. Their positive influence on power flows has been proved in the literature. However, the efficiency of phase-shifting transformers has not been analyzed, especially not with regard for their various types. This study is therefore focused on the efficiency question with respect to electrical energy parameters. Research was performed on a laboratory phase-shifter unit with longitudinal and quadrature voltage regulation, and then these results were correlated to the simulation model equivalent. Laboratory transformer parameter data were used to prepare asymmetrical and symmetrical phase-shifting transformer simulation models. Simulation results were then used to compare the electrical properties and efficiency of all the types of phase-shifting transformer considered. All phase-shifting transformer types had a significant impact on the transmitted active power, but each type had different features. The symmetrical unit had the lowest power losses and a stable output voltage level compared to the asymmetrical one, which increased the output voltage, while the quadrature voltage also grew. These features must be considered, taking into account power system conditions such as the voltage variability profile and active power transfer demand. In this study, we propose the construction of an asymmetrical controllable phase-shifting transformer in order to achieve flexible control.

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Section: Pst Features and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symmetrical Phase-shifting Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Shifting Transformer Efficiency Analysis Based on Low-Voltage Laboratory Units

Albrechtowicz

2021

Energies

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“…The theoretical model representing the PST in reference papers (Smolvik et al , 2017; Verboomen et al , 2005; Hurlet et al , 2006; Bednarczyk et al , 2021) uses the circuit approach based on impedances of the leakage zone. Calculations of these parameters are widely known (Harlow, 2004); however, they do not allow to take into account the magnetic saturation effects which may exist when the load cases are investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of finite elements modeling to analyze phase shifting transformer in steady-state service conditions

Ciesielski

Witczak

2022

COMPEL

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Purpose The aim of this paper is to find a fast-acting numerical model of the phase shifter. Design/methodology/approach The 3D FE model of the investigated unit is presented and compared with the results of the measurements. Due to its size, it is not suitable for transient analyses. The simplified 2D finite elements approach is discussed afterwards, with the identity of the magnetic energy stored in both models as the criterion of similarity between 2D and 3D models. Findings The introduction of scaling factors for the magnetic permeability values in particular volumes of the two-transformer set of the phase shifter enabled acceptable accuracy in calculations of the basic exploitation parameters of the phase shifter. Research limitations/implications The developed methodology allows the analysis of the exploitation conditions of two separated transformers connected in a power grid inside the single finite elements model. Originality/value Although the numerical models of power transformers are extensively discussed in the literature, the usage of the equivalent fast 2D model for the representation of two cooperating transformers at load conditions was not published yet.

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“…Comparing PST types, features can be highlighted according to construction. For example, single-core units have smaller maximal possible phase shift adjustments compared to dual-core PST construction [25], but they are less expensive [24]. Because of the regulation and connection PST types, symmetrical units can only control active power, while asymmetrical and independent control systems allow both active and reactive power regulation [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparative Analysis of Phase Shifting Transformers

Albrechtowicz

Szczepanik

2021

Energies

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Phase shifting transformers (PSTs) are currently widely used in power systems to control power flow. In this manuscript, the results of the asymmetrical PST (APST) with the in-phase PST (called asymmetrical controllable PST-ACPST) were compared, allowing to control both longitudinal and quadrature voltage. The MATLAB simulation model of the ACPST was built to obtain influence of PST in selected models for selected parameters. Then the 30A laboratory PST device was built in the laboratory. The parameters of the MATLAB model were then adjusted to parameters of the real life PST model. This allowed verifying the results of the real life and computer simulations. Based on the ACPST simulation model, the APST model was built; for the given work conditions, the influence of both PSTs were compared. APST construction always resulted in higher output voltage than the input one. ACPST achieved the same power transfer for the lower output PST voltage, which is its main advantage. This dependency is a result of the greater ACPST angle compared to the classical APST. The ACPST also allowed adjusting longitudinal and quadrature voltages; therefore, this PST type can be installed in places where high flexibility is required, especially in systems with high renewable energy sources penetration.

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Phase Shifting Transformer Electromagnetic Model Dedicated for Power System Protection Testing in a Transient Condition

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Phase-Shifting Transformer Efficiency Analysis Based on Low-Voltage Laboratory Units

Phase-Shifting Transformer Efficiency Analysis Based on Low-Voltage Laboratory Units

The use of finite elements modeling to analyze phase shifting transformer in steady-state service conditions

The Comparative Analysis of Phase Shifting Transformers

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