Phase-shift extraction and wave-front reconstruction in phase-shifting interferometry with arbitrary phase steps

Cai, L. Z.; Liu, Q.; Yang, Xiulun

doi:10.1364/ol.28.001808

Cited by 155 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Using a self-calibrating PS algorithm, as in [17,18], it is possible to obtain the effective phase shiftsφ j ðtÞ and, therefore, an accurate measurement of ϕðx; yÞ, even in the presence of vibration. The algorithm proposed by Wang and Han [17] is based on a leastsquares iterative procedure and provides stable convergence and accurate phase extraction even if the phase shifts are completely random.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical inspection of liquid crystal variable retarder inhomogeneities

et al. 2010

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Liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) are starting to be widely used in optical systems because of their capacity to provide a controlled variable optical retardance between two orthogonal components of incident polarized light or to introduce a known phase shifting (PS) between coherent waves, both by means of an applied voltage. Typically, the retardance or PS introduced by an LCVR is not homogeneous across the aperture. On the one hand, the LCVR glass substrates present a global bend that causes an overall variation of the retardance or PS. On the other hand, in the manufacturing process of an LCVR, there sometimes appears a set of micro-air bubbles that causes local retardance or PS inhomogeneities. In this work, we present an interferometric technique based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that is insensitive to vibrations and capable of inspecting and characterizing the LCVR's retardance or PS inhomogeneities. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated in the experimental results, where the LCVR retardance is measured with an error of about 0:2 rad. The thickness of possible micro-air bubbles is obtained with a resolution of about 50 nm.

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Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [17,18] techniques are presented for reconstructing the object wavefront in PS interferometry with arbitrary phase steps. These techniques can be used to perform precise and accurate PS measurements in the presence of vibration, as will be shown in the next section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical inspection of liquid crystal variable retarder inhomogeneities

et al. 2010

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“…The thickness of the optical section produced by this SI imaging system, defined as the full-width half-maximum of the axial response to a thin fluorescent sheet, was calculated to be 3.3 μm (Karadaglic & Wilson, 2008). SI images were extracted from three acquired frames using the algorithm of Cai et al (2003).…”

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Full spectrum filterless fluorescence microscopy

Booth

Jesacher

Juškaitis

et al. 2009

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryIn conventional microscopes, fluorescence emission is separated from the backscattered illumination using the Stokes shift, whereby the emission occurs at a longer wavelength to the excitation. Such separation is usually achieved through a combination of wavelength filters that divide the spectrum into mutually exclusive excitation and emission bands. It is therefore impossible in these microscopes to access the full excitation/emission spectrum of the specimen in a single image. We report on a microscope that acquired fluorescence images using illumination across the spectral range 450-680 nm; the full emission spectrum was detected simultaneously across the same range. The microscope was also combined with structured illumination optical sectioning to give three-dimensionally resolved images with improved background rejection. Full spectrum fluorescence images of biological specimens are demonstrated. As this system is more versatile than the standard fluorescence microscope, it could be of benefit in many fluorescence imaging applications.

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“…Typically, multiple interferograms are required for removing the zero-order term and the twin image, and phase-shifting holography (PSH) [6,7] is one of the most common techniques. In conventional PSH, three or more phase-shifted interferograms are used for zero-order-free and twin-image-free reconstruction [8]. In 2004, Guo and Devaney [9] demonstrated four-exposure quadrature phase-shifting holography (QPSH) in which only two interferograms with π=2 phase shift plus two intensity measurements are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two-, three-, and four-exposure quadrature phase-shifting holography

et al. 2011

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In standard (four-exposure) quadrature phase-shifting holography (QPSH), two holograms and two intensity maps are acquired for zero-order-free and twin-image-free reconstruction. The measurement of the intensity map of the object light can be omitted in three-exposure QPSH. Furthermore, the measurements of the two intensity maps can be omitted in two-exposure QPSH, and the acquisition time of the overall holographic recording process is reduced. In this paper we examine the quality of the reconstructed images in two-, three-, and four-exposure QPSH, in simulations as well as in optical experiments. Various intensity ratios of the object light and the reference light are taken into account. Simulations show that two-and three-exposure QPSH can provide reconstructed images with quality comparable to that of four-exposure QPSH at a low intensity ratio. In practice the intensity ratio is limited by visibility, and thus four-exposure QPSH exhibits the best quality of the reconstructed image. The uniformity and the phase error of the reference light are also discussed. We found in most cases there is no significant difference between the reconstructed images in two-and three-exposure QPSH, and the quality of the reconstructed images is acceptable for visual applications such as the acquisition of three-dimensional scene for display or particle tracking.

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Phase-shift extraction and wave-front reconstruction in phase-shifting interferometry with arbitrary phase steps

Cited by 155 publications

References 15 publications

Optical inspection of liquid crystal variable retarder inhomogeneities

Optical inspection of liquid crystal variable retarder inhomogeneities

Full spectrum filterless fluorescence microscopy

Comparison of two-, three-, and four-exposure quadrature phase-shifting holography

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