The mechanical properties (compressibility or deformability)
of
cells are closely related to their death, migration, and differentiation.
Accurate separation and manipulation of bioparticles based on these
mechanical properties are still a challenging in the field of acoustofluidics.
In this work, based on surface acoustic waves (SAW) and divergent
microchannels, we developed a new method for separating and detecting
particles or cells with different compressibility. The difference
in acoustic radiation force (F
r) caused
by compressibility are gradually amplified and accumulated by decreasing
the flow velocity, and they are finally reflected in the particle
migration distance. During the transverse migration process, the alternating
dominance of the acoustic radiation force and the Stokes resistance
force (F
s) drives the particles to create
three typical migration patterns: intermittent migration, compound
migration, and near-wall migration. In the present tilted SAW device,
a 91% separation success rate of ∼10 μm polystyrene (PS)
and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) particles can be achieved by optimizing
the acoustic field input power and the fluid velocity. The application
potential of the present divergent microchannel is validated by separating
the myelogenous leukemia cell K562 and the natural killer cell NK92
that have similar densities and sizes (∼15 μm) but different
compressibility. The results of this work are expected to provide
valuable insights into the acoustofluidics separation and detection
of the cells that are with different compressibility.