Phase separation induced by a chain polymerization: Polysulfone-modified epoxy/anhydride systems

Oyanguren, Patricia Angelica; Riccardi, C. C.; Williams, R. J. J.; Mondragón, Iñaki

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(199806)36:8<1349::aid-polb9>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…The initial mixture is generally homogeneous and phase separation could take place during curing of the thermoset. This technique is called reaction induced phase separation [13][14][15]. But, morphologies are controlled by many factors, such as the miscibility, modifier concentration, curing temperature and reaction rate [10,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyethersulfone and N,N’-bismaleimido-4,4’-diphenyl methane on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy systems

Rajasekaran¹,

Alagar²,

Chozhan³

2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In order to improve thermo mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin, hydroxyl terminated polyethersulfone (PES) and N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenyl methane (BMI) were incorporated to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin and cured with diaminiodiphenylmethane (DDM). The resulting hybrid matrices, in the form of castings, were characterized for their mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact strength. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis of the matrices were also performed to determine the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the matrix systems. The results obtained from mechanical and thermal studies indicated that the incorporation of polyethersulfone into epoxy resin improved the toughness and thermal stability of the systems. This is attributed to the formation of interpenetration polymer networks (IPNs) composed of the epoxy network and the linear PES. The incorporation of BMI into polyethersulfone modified epoxy systems increased thermal stability, glass transition temperature, tensile and flexural properties and decreased the impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy studies of polyethersulfone modified epoxy and BMI incorporated polyethersulfone modified epoxy systems exhibit homogeneous morphology confirming efficient chemical interaction and formation of intercrosslinked network structure.Keywords : polymer composites, thermal properties, mechanical properties, morphology, moisture absorption eXPRESS Polymer Letters Vol.2, No.5 (2008) [339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348] Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.40 homogeneous hybrid thermoplastic modified epoxy with low fractions of thermoplastics [18]. It is reported that the incorporation of high performance thermoplastics into a thermoset resin system leads to significant improvements in mechanical properties [9,[19][20][21][22] [28][29][30][31][32]. Bismaleimides posses high crosslinking ability, high glass-transition temperature, high thermal ability, high char yield, excellent fire resistance, superior specific strength and specific modulus, and low water absorption. In continuation of our earlier studies, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to improve both toughness and thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy resin by incorporating hydroxyl terminated polyethersulfone (PES) and N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenyl methane(BMI). Materials and methodsEpoxy resin [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)] LY556 (epoxy equivalent 189 and viscosity 10 000 cP) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) were obtained from Ciba-Geigy (India). N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenyl methane was synthesized in our laboratory as per the reported procedure ( Figure 1) [33]. Hydroxyl terminated polyethersulfone was supplied by Jilin University, China was used as received. The chemical structures of materials used are presented in Figure 2.340 Rajasekaran et al. -eXPRESS Polymer Let...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyethersulfone and N,N’-bismaleimido-4,4’-diphenyl methane on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy systems

Rajasekaran¹,

Alagar²,

Chozhan³

2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…For this method, much attention has been paid to rubber, or thermoplastic-modified thermoset polymers, for example, epoxy resin/thermoplastic systems. [23][24][25][26] It had been shown that blend morphologies can be controlled by both dissolution/diffusion of thermoplastics in the polymerizable monomer and thermodynamics combined with reaction kinetics. [27] In our laboratory, a new approach for improving the toughness of MCPA6 has been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Thermal Properties of MCPA6/ABS by in situ Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactam

Hou

Yang

2005

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Summary: In this work, blends of monomer casting polyamide 6 (MCPA6) and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization via the application of ε‐caprolactam as a reactive solvent. The morphology and thermal properties of MCPA6/ABS were investigated by means of wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The domain sizes of the ABS phase in MCPA6/ABS blends were much finer than those in corresponding polyamide 6 (PA6)/ABS blends prepared by simple melt blending. With an increased amount of ABS in MCPA6, the melt enthalpy (ΔHf), the rate of crystallization (Tc) and the degree of crystallinity (Xc(DSC)) of MCPA6 in MCPA6/ABS blends were all decreased. The degree of supercooling (ΔTd) showed a contrary trend. However, the melting temperatures of these blends were almost unchanged. All the results could be attributed to in situ polymerization and the hydrolysis reaction of ABS that occurred during the polymerization process. Furthermore, WAXD results showed that only α‐form crystals existed in the MCPA6/ABS blends, despite the ABS content and heat treatment.

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“…Over the last two decades, attempts have been made to modify epoxy resins with a high-performance engineering thermoplastic that has a high T g and toughness, such as polysulfone (PSU), [1] poly(ether sulfone) (PES), [2] poly-(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), [3] and polyetherimide (PEI). [4,5] As the thermoset precursor reacts, the entropy of mixing decreases with increasing molecular weight, while the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter changes little, that is, the enthalpy almost stays constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology Evolution during the Phase Separation of Polyetherimide/Epoxy Blends

Gan

Wang

et al. 2003

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The results of time‐resolved light scattering for the phase separation of epoxy/polyetherimide/anhydride blends show that the evolution of scattering vector qm follows a Maxwell‐type relaxation equation. The relaxation time may be suggested as the time taken for the diffusion of the epoxy‐anhydride n‐mers from the PEI‐rich phase by their relaxation movement, and the apparent activation energy of the relaxation movement is obtained.Values of qm versus time at different temperatures.magnified imageValues of qm versus time at different temperatures.

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Phase separation induced by a chain polymerization: Polysulfone-modified epoxy/anhydride systems

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of polyethersulfone and N,N’-bismaleimido-4,4’-diphenyl methane on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy systems

Effect of polyethersulfone and N,N’-bismaleimido-4,4’-diphenyl methane on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy systems

Morphology and Thermal Properties of MCPA6/ABS by in situ Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactam

Morphology Evolution during the Phase Separation of Polyetherimide/Epoxy Blends

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