Phase-Sensitive Recombination of Two Bose-Einstein Condensates on an Atom Chip

Jo, Gyu-Boong; Choi, Jaehoon; Christensen, Caleb A.; Pasquini, T.A.; Lee, Ye-Ryoung; Ketterle, Wolfgang; Pritchard, David E.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.180401

Cited by 104 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The soliton has a density minimum at a location q, and this position can be used to monitor the phase acquired in an atomic matter wave interferometer in the nonlinear regime [13,14,15]. A recent experiment has demonstrated the relevance of the relative phase in splitting and recombining a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), although the direct observation of solitons was not possible [16]. In a similar way, very recent experiments have generated solitons that oscillate and collide in a harmonic trap, in the crossover regime between one dimension (1D) and three dimensions (3D) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum fluctuations in the image of a Bose gas

2008

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We analyze the information content of density profiles for an ultracold Bose gas of atoms and extract resolution limits for observables contained in these images. Our starting point is density correlations that we compute within the Bogoliubov approximation, taking into account quantum and thermal fluctuations beyond mean-field theory. This provides an approximate way to construct the joint counting statistics of atoms in an array of pixels covering the gas. We derive the Fisher information of an image and the associated Cramér-Rao sensitivity bound for measuring observables contained in the image. We elaborate on our recent study on position measurements of a dark soliton [Negretti et al., Phys. Rev. A 77, 043606 (2008)] where a sensitivity scaling with the atomic density as n −3/4 was found. We discuss here a wider class of soliton solutions and present a detailed analysis of the Bogoliubov excitations and the gapless (Goldstone) excitation modes. These fluctuations around the mean field contribute to the noise in the image, and we show how they can actually improve the ability to locate the position of the soliton.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum fluctuations in the image of a Bose gas

2008

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“…Finally, we speculate that this system could potentially be developed as a sensor to detect tiny gravitational or electromagnetic forces, in a similar manner to the production of vortices between merged elongated DBGs [6,29,30]. In principle, one of the DBGs could be exposed to a tiny force, causing a phase change of 0.01π, which could then be detected as a change in the growth rate of rotating modes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major focus of cold-atom research is coupling multiple degenerate Bose gases (DBGs) using atom chips and optical lattices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The results provide stepping stones to future applications, such as interferometers or processors of quantum information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous creation of nonzero-angular-momentum modes in tunnel-coupled two-dimensional degenerate Bose gases

Montgomery

Scott²,

Lesanovsky³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. A

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We investigate the dynamics of two tunnel-coupled two-dimensional degenerate Bose gases. The reduced dimensionality of the clouds enables us to excite specific angular momentum modes by tuning the coupling strength, thereby creating striking patterns in the atom density profile. The extreme sensitivity of the system to the coupling and initial phase difference results in a rich variety of subsequent dynamics, including vortex production, complex oscillations in relative atom number and chiral symmetry breaking due to counter-rotation of the two clouds.

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“…Since the total atom number remains constant, we infer that the volume of the condensate increases to accommodate the vortices. This effect is visible experimentally [46] and can monitored by measuring the atom number within a specified radius of the BEC [47]. Fig.…”

Section: Fig 1: Tangle Of Few Interacting Vortices (Left) Exhibitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotropic vortex tangles in trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates via laser stirring

et al. 2014

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The generation of isotropic vortex configurations in trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates offers a platform to elucidate quantum turbulence on mesoscopic scales. We demonstrate that a laser-induced obstacle moving in a figure-eight path within the condensate provides a simple and effective means to generate an isotropic three-dimensional vortex tangle due to its minimal net transfer of angular momentum to the condensate. Our characterisation of vortex structures and their isotropy is based on projected vortex lengths and velocity statistics obtained numerically via the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our methodology provides a possible experimental route for generating and characterising vortex tangles and quantum turbulence in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Vortices in ordinary (classical) fluids, as well as quantum fluids, characterise turbulent flow [1,2]. Turbulence in classical fluids has been intensely studied in many branches of physics and engineering over a prolonged period. Characterising turbulence and understanding its dynamics is one of the key goals of these fields. Homogeneous, isotropic turbulence is the benchmark to understand vortex dynamics away from boundaries. Quantum fluids, such as superfluid He and atomic BoseEinstein condensates (BECs), where the circulation is quantized and viscosity is absent, open up the possibility of a context in which to study turbulence which is simpler than in ordinary fluids. Large vortex tangles have been created experimentally in superfluid He for this purpose. The investigation of the properties of such systems has revealed, for certain parameter regimes, the emergence of classical-like behaviour (such as the Kolmogorov scaling [3-5] of the energy spectrum for homogeneous isotropic turbulence) from the dynamics of elementary quantum vortices.Usually terms like "turbulence" and "vortex tangles" refer to disordered fluid systems containing vortices and eddies in which a huge range of lengthscales and timescales are excited; scaling laws therefore can be identified. Unlike ordinary fluids and superfluid helium, atomic BECs are relatively small, in the sense that there is not a large separation of lengthscales between the vortex core size, the average intervortex separation and the system size [6]. An important question which should be addressed in this context, is whether a relatively small vortex configuration exhibits turbulent properties, or it is simply chaotic. A first step in addressing this question is to demonstrate a technique for generating a few interacting vortices (see Fig. 1 (left)) that give isotropic flow statistics (see Fig. 1 (right)), which is the main result of this paper. * Electronic address: carlo.barenghi@ncl.ac.uk FIG. 1: Tangle of few interacting vortices (left) exhibiting isotropic non-Gaussian flow statistics (right). Left: Density isosurface generated by stirring a spherically symmetric condensate along one plane in a figure-eight path (at time t ≈ tstir = 17.1ω −1 when the stirrer has just been removed after approximately two osci...

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Phase-Sensitive Recombination of Two Bose-Einstein Condensates on an Atom Chip

Cited by 104 publications

References 33 publications

Quantum fluctuations in the image of a Bose gas

Quantum fluctuations in the image of a Bose gas

Spontaneous creation of nonzero-angular-momentum modes in tunnel-coupled two-dimensional degenerate Bose gases

Isotropic vortex tangles in trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates via laser stirring

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