Phase noise in semiconductor lasers

Laser Rate Equation-Based Filtering for Carrier Recovery in Characterization and Communication

“…For a semiconductor laser, the phase is usually modeled using the continuous-time semiconductor laser rate equations [2]:…”

“…S EMICONDUCTOR laser phase noise has been the subject of study in device design [1], [2] and coherent optical communications [3], [4] communities for quite some time. From the laser physics standpoint, measuring the frequency noise (FM) spectrum provides useful information regarding internal laser dynamics.…”

Influence of instantaneous mode competition on the dynamics of semiconductor lasers

“…These coefficients are given as [5], [6] (6) (7) (8) (9) where is the so-called slope (or tangential) coefficient to give the local linear gain, is a coefficient giving the wavelength dispersion of the linear gain, is the transparent electron number, is the dipole moment, is the intraband relaxation time, is an electron number characterizing the saturation coefficient , is the volume of the active region, is the field confinement factor into the active region, is the speed of light in free space, and is the so-called linewidth enhancement factor, which describes the simultaneous variation of the optical gain and the refractive index with changes in the electron number [28].…”

“…The influence of nonradiative recombination on the spontaneous emission lifetime is taken to be [34] (27) where and are the rates of nonradiative recombination due to crystal imperfections and Auger processes, respectively, and is the rate of radiative recombination. Such processes influence the laser threshold current , which is related to through (28) where the electron number at threshold is determined from as in the following equation: (29) The dynamics of the lasing modes, output spectrum, and relative intensity noise (RIN) induced by mode competition are examined over wide ranges of the injection current , and the linewidth enhancement factor ( ). The output spectrum is evaluated by averaging the modal photon number over the integration time , after the transients die out.…”

Investigation of High-Speed Transient Processes and Parameter Extraction of InGaAsP Laser Diodes

“…The principle of that is a change in the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index n′ and n′′ as electron density is pulsing (chirp) or fluctuates (linewidth enhancement). The phenomenon and the linewidth enhancement factor (or chirp parameter) n/ n ′′ ′ = showing the intensity of the phenomenon itself were correspondingly explained and introduced by C. H. Henry (Henry, 1982(Henry, , 1983(Henry, , 1986. Measurements of the frequency chirp during large signal modulation is a well-known technique for the estimation of the optical signal transmission in the fiber communications.…”