Phase-mismatching characteristic of four-wave mixing in fiber lines with multistage optical amplifiers

Abstract

Fiber four-wave mixing in transmission lines with multistage optical amplifiers is studied. A theoretical model is described, and a fundamental experiment is carried out. It is shown that the phase-mismatching characteristic differs in transmission lines with and without amplifiers.

Power pre-emphasis for suppression of FWM in coherent optical OFDM transmission

“…The power of a single FWM product created at (f g = f i + f j -f k ) after N A fiber spans can be calculated as [19]:…”

“…η 1 is responsible for intra-span FWM coefficient and η 2 is responsible for inter-span nonlinear interference. The expressions for η 1 and η 2 are given in [19]. Note that η 1 and η 2 are independent of the OFDM subcarriers' power.…”

“…CO-OFDM provides an efficient way to compensate for inter-symbol interference caused by both chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and uses a simple channel estimation and compensation scheme [17,18]. However, one major drawback of CO-OFDM is that it suffers from a number of nonlinear effects, especially four-wave-mixing (FWM) due to the narrow and equal spacing of subcarriers [19][20][21]. Mitigating the impact of FWM on the performance of CO-OFDM transmission is the motivation of this work.…”

Experimental verification of fast analytical models for four-wave mixing (FWM)-impaired transparent optical networks

“…10 Gb/s systems), where the FWM degradation becomes maximal. The phase matching between the different waves can be calculated from the following formula [3]:…”

Impact of the in-line dispersion-compensation map on four-wave mixing (FWM)-impaired optical networks

“…The analytical model used for the assessment of the FWM degradation in this letter was based on the single span continuous-wave approximation in [4], which was extended to a multispan transmission line incorporating amplifiers in [5]. The amplitude of an FWM mixing product at frequency , which is generated by waves , , and , can be calculated in the general case from the following [4]: (1) where is the amplitude of the envelope of the different waves, is the nonlinearity constant of the fiber, and the 1041-1135/$20.00 © 2005 IEEE (C) 2005 IEEE.…”