Phase Microscopy Principles and Applications

Bennet, Alva H.; Jupnik, Helen; Osterberg, Harold; Richards, O. W.; Baez, Albert V.

doi:10.1119/1.1933224

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The complex diffracted amplitude a(x, y) at a point (x, y) in the Fraunhofer image plane due to a point source located at (x 0, Y0, %) in the object plane (see figure 1 ) is given by [11] : herep, q are the optical direction cosines of the normals to the converging wavefront and Ao(p, q) $(P, q) = (n ~ _p2 _ q~)lt2 ' (2.2) t We have just learned that Hawkes has carried out an expansion of the wavefront in Zernicke circle polynomials. It is difficult to correlate his aberrations with ours; see, however, the Appendix.…”

Section: Statement Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aberrations of Non-rotationally Symmetric Systems and Their Diffraction Effects

Barakat

Houston

1966

Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics

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The aberrations of systems having (1) two axes of symmetry, (2) one axis of symmetry, (3) no axis of symmetry are investigated via Hamilton's mixed characteristic function W. The mixed characteristic W is also the aberration function in the Luneberg-Kirchhoff diffraction integral. The result is employed to obtain the (incoherent) transfer function for a circular aperture in the presence of these aberrations as well as the point spread function (distribution of illuminance). Typical numerical results are discussed.

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Section: Statement Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aberrations of Non-rotationally Symmetric Systems and Their Diffraction Effects

Barakat

Houston

1966

Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics

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“…The origin of the white regions has to be discussed. According to phase-contrast microscopy theory 19 , zones lighter than the background indicate a decrease of the refractive index. Nevertheless, optical microscopy pictures show a straight correspondence between white regions in phase-contrast and absorption regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored excitation sequences for optimized laser-induced modifications in bulk transparent materials exposed to sub-ps irradiation

Mermillod–Blondin

Stoian

Boyle

et al. 2006

Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics V

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Tight focusing of ultrashort near infrared laser pulses in the bulk of various transparent materials induces significant modifications of the optical properties by locally changing the material refractive index. Such laser-induced phase objects are of major technological interest, notably for direct writing of embedded optical functions. While extensive studies have been reported on ultrashort pulsed laser-induced modifications in several materials, especially with regard to focusing conditions, incubation effects, or the influence of the energy content of the pulse, we emphasize here the role of the temporal design of the excitation sequence. We present phase-contrast microscopy investigations of the resultant morphology and discuss the refractive index topological map induced by different temporal pulse intensity envelopes in various transparent materials. The consequences of temporal profiles generated by a pulse shaping apparatus on the morphology of the interaction zone are illustrated, emphasizing the benefits of the synchronization between the excitation temporal profile and the material response.

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“…It is also known that refractive index and scattering coefficient are correlated in a complicated manner and that scattering coefficient is a consequence of the local refractive index distribution [4,5]. Interestingly, while refractive index as an image contrast remains unexplored in DOT, it has been widely used for many decades in optical microscopy [6,7]. There is also a growing interest in developing phase-contrast computed tomography (CT) for better imaging soft tissues or weakly absorbing materials [8,9].…”

Section: Intruductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Breast cancer detection using phase contrast diffuse optical tomography

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2007

SPIE Proceedings

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In this report, a phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography system, which can measure the refractive indices of human breast masses in vivo, is described. To investigate the utility of phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT) for differentiation of malignant and benign breast masses in humans, and to compare PCDOT with conventional diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for analysis of breast masses in humans. 35 breast masses were imaged in 33 patients (mean age = 51 years; range 22-80 years) using PCDOT. Images characterizing the tissue refractive index, absorption and scattering of breast masses were obtained with a finite element-based reconstruction algorithm. The accuracies of absorption and scattering images were compared with images of refractive index in light of the pathology results. Absorption and scattering images were unable to accurately discriminate benign from malignant lesions. Malignant lesions tended to have decreased refractive index allowing them to discriminate from benign lesions in most cases. The sensitivity, specificity, false positive value, and overall accuracy for refractive index were 81.8%, 70.8%, 29.2%, and 74.3%, respectively. Overall we show that benign and malignant breast masses in humans demonstrate different refractive index and differences in refractive index properties can be used to discriminate benign from malignant masses in patients with high accuracy. This opens up a new avenue for improved breast cancer detection using NIR diffusing light.

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Phase Microscopy Principles and Applications

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

The Aberrations of Non-rotationally Symmetric Systems and Their Diffraction Effects

The Aberrations of Non-rotationally Symmetric Systems and Their Diffraction Effects

Tailored excitation sequences for optimized laser-induced modifications in bulk transparent materials exposed to sub-ps irradiation

Breast cancer detection using phase contrast diffuse optical tomography

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