Phase locking of the rotation of a graphene nanoplatelet to an RF electric field in a quadrupole ion trap

Coppock, Joyce; Nagornykh, Pavel; Murphy, Jacob; Kane, B. E.

doi:10.1117/12.2238200

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…locking [18,19], electronic feedback [20], or parametric driving [21]. The contact-free mechanical motion of particles suspended by external fields in vacuum [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], can reach a frequency stability that is only limited by laser power fluctuations and collisional damping by residual gas particles [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically driven ultra-stable nanomechanical rotor

et al. 2017

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Nanomechanical devices have attracted the interest of a growing interdisciplinary research community, since they can be used as highly sensitive transducers for various physical quantities. Exquisite control over these systems facilitates experiments on the foundations of physics. Here, we demonstrate that an optically trapped silicon nanorod, set into rotation at MHz frequencies, can be locked to an external clock, transducing the properties of the time standard to the rod’s motion with a remarkable frequency stability f r/Δf r of 7.7 × 1011. While the dynamics of this periodically driven rotor generally can be chaotic, we derive and verify that stable limit cycles exist over a surprisingly wide parameter range. This robustness should enable, in principle, measurements of external torques with sensitivities better than 0.25 zNm, even at room temperature. We show that in a dilute gas, real-time phase measurements on the locked nanorod transduce pressure values with a sensitivity of 0.3%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically driven ultra-stable nanomechanical rotor

et al. 2017

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“…When a free-running, self-sustained oscillator is exposed to a weaker harmonic signal, its phase and frequency can be locked to that of the injected signal if the frequency difference between the two is sufficiently small. This effect has also been observed in an array of levitated systems, including rfdriven Paul-trapped ions [58] and graphene nanoplatelets [59], as well as optically trapped and driven nanospheres [60] and silicon nanorods [16]. The first enabled the detection of Coulomb forces as low as ∼5 yN (largely due to the low mass of the ion, though naturally sensitive to electric and magnetic noises) and the last was predicted to detect torques with ∼0.25 zN•m sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Injection locking of a levitated optomechanical oscillator for precision force sensing

Dadras,

Pettit,

Luntz-Martin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We report on the injection locking of an optically levitated nanomechanical oscillator (a silica nanosphere) to resonant intensity modulations of an external optical signal. We explore the characteristic features of injection locking in this system, e.g. the phase pull-in effect and the injection-induced reduction of the oscillation linewidth. Our measurements are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and deepen the analogy of injection locking in levitated optomechanical systems to that in optical systems (lasers). By measuring the force noise of our feedback cooled free-running oscillator, we attain a force sensitivity of ∼ 23 zN/ √ Hz. This can readily allow, in fairly short integration times, for tests of violations of Newtonian gravity and searching for new small-scale forces. As a proof of concept, we show that the injection locking can be exploited to measure the forces optically induced on levitated nanoparticles, with potential applications in explorations of optical binding and entanglement between optically coupled nanomechanical oscillators.

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“…where q is the charge on the particle, m is its mass, V out is the amplitude of the voltage applied to the outer electrode, Ω t is the frequency of V out , and z 0 is a parameter determined by modeling the electrode configuration [19].…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collection and exchange process is described in detail in Ref. [19]. Prior to pumping down to the experimental pressures (< 10 −7 Torr), stray dc electric fields are nulled using electrodes near the trap [22] [23].…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and magnetic measurements of gyroscopically stabilized graphene nanoplatelets levitated in an ion trap

et al. 2017

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Using optical measurements, we demonstrate that the rotation of micron-scale graphene nanoplatelets levitated in a quadrupole ion trap in high vacuum can be frequency locked to an applied radio frequency electric field E rf . Over time, frequency locking stabilizes the nanoplatelet so that its axis of rotation is normal to the nanoplatelet and perpendicular to E rf . We observe that residual slow dynamics of the direction of the axis of rotation in the plane normal to E rf are determined by an applied magnetic field. We present a simple model that accurately describes our observations. From our data and model we can infer both a diamagnetic polarizability and a magnetic moment proportional to the frequency of rotation, which we compare to theoretical values. Our results establish that trapping technologies have applications for materials measurements at the nanoscale. * These authors contributed equally to this work. P.N. is currently

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Phase locking of the rotation of a graphene nanoplatelet to an RF electric field in a quadrupole ion trap

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Optically driven ultra-stable nanomechanical rotor

Optically driven ultra-stable nanomechanical rotor

Injection locking of a levitated optomechanical oscillator for precision force sensing

Optical and magnetic measurements of gyroscopically stabilized graphene nanoplatelets levitated in an ion trap

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