Phase-locked soliton pairs in a stretched-pulse fiber laser

Grelu, Ph.; Belhache, F.; Gutty, François; Soto-Crespo, J. M.

doi:10.1364/ol.27.000966

Cited by 244 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Induced by a slight perturbation on the pumping power, the little deviation from the obtained equilibrium point of the soliton pair, with the pulse separation of~7.2 ps (Figure 23b), eventually evolves into another equilibrium point (Figure 23d). These experimental results provide clear evidence to the importance of dispersive waves on formation of bound states and confirm that the quantized separation is a universal property of the phase-locked solitons [18,19]. The internal repulsion or attraction between two pulses of the soliton pair, which is induced by the process of soliton-continuum interaction, is a periodical function of the initial pulse separation with a set of equilibrium point, where the repulsion and attraction balance each other.…”

Section: Interaction Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Such nearly zero net-cavity dispersion regime allows existence of Gaussian pulses which are more tolerant with nonlinear phase shift compared to traditional sech-profiled solitons in anomalous dispersion fibre lasers. As some of the pioneers who study soliton molecules, Grelu, Soto-Crespo et al have performed remarkable experiments and simulations in both anomalous and normal path-averaged cavity dispersion fibre lasers where kinds of bound solitons were observed [18,22,44]. As an example, Figure 13a,b illustrates the temporal and spectral details of a bound state in a laser cavity with normal dispersion-managed configuration.…”

Section: Nearly Zero Net-cavity Dispersion Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afanasjev et al and Akhmediev et al also investigated analytically and numerically the existence and stability of bound states with π, 0 and ±π/2 phase differences [13][14][15]. So far bound states have been studied by simulated and/or experimental methods in types of fibre laser cavities, i.e., in soliton [16,17], stretched-pulse [18], gain-guided [19] and self-similar [20] regimes, as well as dissipative soliton regime associating with large net-normal dispersion and spectral filtering [21]. A lot of experimental observations of bound solitons have been reported in fibre lasers mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) [22][23][24], nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) [8,25] and some real saturable absorbers (e.g., semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) [26], carbon nanotubes (CNT) [27][28][29], graphene [30,31], topological insulator [32], molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) [33] and black phosphorus [34]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soliton Molecules and Multisoliton States in Ultrafast Fibre Lasers: Intrinsic Complexes in Dissipative Systems

et al. 2018

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Featured Application: High-capacity telecommunication, advanced time-resolved spectroscopy, self-organization and chaos in dissipative systems. Abstract:Benefiting from ultrafast temporal resolution, broadband spectral bandwidth, as well as high peak power, passively mode-locked fibre lasers have attracted growing interest and exhibited great potential from fundamental sciences to industrial and military applications. As a nonlinear system containing complex interactions from gain, loss, nonlinearity, dispersion, etc., ultrafast fibre lasers deliver not only conventional single soliton but also soliton bunching with different types. In analogy to molecules consisting of several atoms in chemistry, soliton molecules (in other words, bound solitons) in fibre lasers are of vital importance for in-depth understanding of the nonlinear interaction mechanism and further exploration for high-capacity fibre-optic communications. In this Review, we summarize the state-of-the-art advances on soliton molecules in ultrafast fibre lasers. A variety of soliton molecules with different numbers of soliton, phase-differences and pulse separations were experimentally observed owing to the flexibility of parameters such as mode-locking techniques and dispersion control. Numerical simulations clearly unravel how different nonlinear interactions contribute to formation of soliton molecules. Analysis of the stability and the underlying physical mechanisms of bound solitons bring important insights to this field. For a complete view of nonlinear optical phenomena in fibre lasers, other dissipative states such as vibrating soliton pairs, soliton rains, rogue waves and coexisting dissipative solitons are also discussed. With development of advanced real-time detection techniques, the internal motion of different pulsing states is anticipated to be characterized, rendering fibre lasers a versatile platform for nonlinear complex dynamics and various practical applications.

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Section: Interaction Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Nearly Zero Net-cavity Dispersion Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soliton Molecules and Multisoliton States in Ultrafast Fibre Lasers: Intrinsic Complexes in Dissipative Systems

et al. 2018

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“…We show that the observed pulse train states coexist with the regimes which are amplitude synchronized and possess fixed phase shifts between the pulses emitted by neighboring array elements. In contrast to the pulse bound state regimes predicted and observed experimentally previously [14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], this regime cannot exist in a solitary pulse-generating system. We illustrate this general result by considering a particular example of an array of mode-locked lasers coupled via evanescent fields in a ring geometry.…”

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confidence: 61%

Bound Pulse Trains in Arrays of Coupled Spatially Extended Dynamical Systems

et al. 2017

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We study the dynamics of an array of nearest-neighbor coupled spatially distributed systems each generating a periodic sequence of short pulses. We demonstrate that unlike a solitary system generating a train of equidistant pulses, an array of such systems can produce a sequence of clusters of closely packed pulses, with the distance between individual pulses depending on the coupling phase. This regime associated with the formation of locally coupled pulse trains bounded due to a balance of attraction and repulsion between them is different from the pulse bound states reported earlier in different laser, plasma, chemical, and biological systems. We propose a simplified analytical description of the observed phenomenon, which is in a good agreement with the results of direct numerical simulations of a model system describing an array of coupled mode-locked lasers.Nonlinear temporal pulses and spatial dissipative localized structures appear in various optical, plasma, hydrodynamic, chemical, and biological systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Being well-separated from each other these structures can interact locally via exponentially decaying tails and, as a result of this interaction, they can form bound states, known also as "dissipative soliton molecules" [14], characterized by fixed distances and phase differences between individual structures. Such bound states can emerge due to the oscillatory character of the interaction force which is related to the presence of oscillating tails. Another scenario occurs in the case of monotonic repulsive interaction when either the pulse tails decay monotonically, or a strong nonlocal repulsive interaction between the pulses is present. In this case the pulses tend to distribute equidistantly in time or space leading to periodic pulse trains [15][16][17][18] which, in contrast to closely packed bound states, exhibit large distances between the consequent pulses.In this Letter we show that even in the case when the pulses in an individual system exhibit strong repulsion, the formation of bound pulse trains can be achieved by arranging several systems in an array with nearestneighbor coupling. As a result, the pulses interact not only within one system, but also with those in the neighboring ones leading to a different balance of attraction and repulsion. More specifically, we demonstrate that this array can produce a periodic train of clusters consisting of two or more closely packed pulses with the possibility to change the interval between the pulses via the variation of coupling phase parameter. We show that the observed pulse train states coexist with the regimes which are amplitude synchronized and possess fixed phase shifts between the pulses emitted by neighboring array elements. In contrast to the pulse bound state regimes predicted and observed experimentally previously [14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], this regime cannot exist in a solitary pulse-generating system. We illustrate this general result by considering a part...

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“…1d). Indeed corresponding bound states were observed experimentally in fiber lasers [37,26,38,39]. A recent review of these phenomena is in [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Frequency and Phase Locking of Laser Cavity Solitons

Ackemann

Noblet

Paulau

et al. 2012

Progress in Optical Science and Photonics

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Self-localized states or dissipative solitons have the freedom of translation in systems with a homogeneous background. When compared to cavity solitons in coherently driven nonlinear optical systems, laser cavity solitons have the additional freedom of the optical phase. We explore the consequences of this additional Goldstone mode and analyze experimentally and numerically frequency and phase locking of laser cavity solitons in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with frequency-selective feedback. Due to growth-related variations of the cavity resonance, the translational symmetry is usually broken in real devices. Pinning to different defects means that separate laser cavity solitons have different frequencies and are mutually incoherent. If two solitons are close to each other, however, their interaction leads to synchronization due to phase and frequency locking with strong similarities to the Adler-scenario of coupled oscillators.

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Phase-locked soliton pairs in a stretched-pulse fiber laser

Cited by 244 publications

References 14 publications

Soliton Molecules and Multisoliton States in Ultrafast Fibre Lasers: Intrinsic Complexes in Dissipative Systems

Soliton Molecules and Multisoliton States in Ultrafast Fibre Lasers: Intrinsic Complexes in Dissipative Systems

Bound Pulse Trains in Arrays of Coupled Spatially Extended Dynamical Systems

Frequency and Phase Locking of Laser Cavity Solitons

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