Abstract:Contrast in conventional imaging of soft tissues is often limited due to the very similar attenuation of tissues to be distinguished. Phase contrast techniques can enable discrimination of tissues with similar attenuation. A major limitation to the widespread adoption of phase-contrast techniques is that for tabletop sources the required degree of coherence generally requires a small (10 to 50 µm) source. In this work, a polycapillary optic was employed to create a small virtual source from a large spot rotati… Show more
“…Experimental results are illustrated in Fig 5(a) using a focusing polycapillary optic to create a virtual source size of 25 µm. 16 To exaimine the performance of this system for phase imaging of tissue, an insect was imaged. Source-to-object distance was z o = 25 cm while object-to-detector distance was z d = 75 cm.…”
X-ray phase imaging utilizes a variety of techniques to render phase information as intensity contrast and these intensity images can in some cases be processed to retrieve quantitative phase. A subset of these techniques use free space propagation to generate phase contrast and phase can be recovered by inverting differential equations governing propagation. Two techniques to generate quantitative phase reconstructions from a single phase contrast image are described in detail, along with regularization techniques to reduce the influence of noise. Lastly, a recently developed technique utilizing a binary-amplitude grid to enhance signal strength in propagation-based techniques is described.
“…Experimental results are illustrated in Fig 5(a) using a focusing polycapillary optic to create a virtual source size of 25 µm. 16 To exaimine the performance of this system for phase imaging of tissue, an insect was imaged. Source-to-object distance was z o = 25 cm while object-to-detector distance was z d = 75 cm.…”
X-ray phase imaging utilizes a variety of techniques to render phase information as intensity contrast and these intensity images can in some cases be processed to retrieve quantitative phase. A subset of these techniques use free space propagation to generate phase contrast and phase can be recovered by inverting differential equations governing propagation. Two techniques to generate quantitative phase reconstructions from a single phase contrast image are described in detail, along with regularization techniques to reduce the influence of noise. Lastly, a recently developed technique utilizing a binary-amplitude grid to enhance signal strength in propagation-based techniques is described.
In x-ray coded aperture microscopy with polycapillary optics (XCAMPO), the microstructure of focusing polycapillary optics is used as a coded aperture and enables depth-resolved x-ray imaging at a resolution better than the focal spot dimensions. Improvements in the resolution and development of 3D encoding procedures require a simulation model that can predict the outcome of XCAMPO experiments. In this work we introduce a model of image formation in XCAMPO which enables calculation of XCAMPO datasets for arbitrary positions of the object relative to the focal plane as well as to incorporate optics imperfections. In the model, the exit surface of the optics is treated as a micro-structured x-ray source that illuminates a periodic object. This makes it possible to express the intensity of XCAMPO images as a convolution series and to perform simulations by means of fast Fourier transforms. For non-periodic objects, the model can be applied by enforcing artificial periodicity and setting the spatial period larger then the field-of-view. Simulations are verified by comparison with experimental data.
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