“…Over 20 heat shock protein/cognate 90 or 70 (HSP/C 90/70) inhibitors are being evaluated as standalone or combination therapies against various cancers in later-stage clinical trials (Dhingra et al, 1994;Wadhwa et al, 2000;Schmitt et al, 2003Schmitt et al, , 2006Mitsiades et al, 2006;Trepel et al, 2010;Leu et al, 2011;Modi et al, 2011;Jhaveri et al, 2012;Koren et al, 2012;Pacey et al, 2012;Sidera and Patsavoudi, 2014). HSP/C 90/70 are ubiquitous cellular chaperones that work with cochaperones to fold a majority of cellular proteins, including Ga subunits (Nathan et al, 1997;Thulasiraman et al, 1999;Busconi et al, 2000;Vaiskunaite et al, 2001;Waheed and Jones, 2002;Echeverria et al, 2011) .…”