“…Paclitaxel (PTX) is known as the anticancer drugs with significant antitumor activity against a wide variety of tumors such as ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and acute leukemias . At present, many drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and 5-fluorouracil have combined with PTX for the combination chemotherapy against cancer. , It has been reported that the retinoid acid (ATRA), one of the retinoids which inhibits cell proliferation and induces differentiation in a variety of tumor cells, could enhance PTX-induced death of tumor cells and the regression of tumor. , In the study of Hong et al, the combination of PTX-incorporated pullulan acetate nanoparticles and ATRA-incorporated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted chitosan copolymer nanoparticles showed a synergistic antiproliferative effect against CT26 cells. Furthermore, the activity of MMP-2, a key enzyme in tumor cell invasion, was significantly decreased in cells treated with the combination of PTX and ATRA .…”