Phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Mn substituted barium titanate

Absence of ferromagnetism in ferroelectric Mn‐doped BaTiO3 nanofibers

“…Diffraction‐peak identification of BaTiO 3 nanofibers was performed on the basis of the PDF2 release 2010 ICDD database, card number 00‐005‐0626. The diffraction pattern for BaTiO 3 nanofibers shows that we reached the desired structure, whereas for Mn‐doped BaTiO 3 , the diffraction pattern shows additional peaks around 2θ = 26°, 37°, 41°, and 49°, which can be associated with the hexagonal structure of barium titanate (h‐BaTiO 3 ), according to PDF2 release 2010 ICDD database, card number 00‐034‐0129, in agreement with other authors . Additionally, we observed a small peak shift to lower angles, as can be seen in the inset of Figure , for the most intense peak at 2θ = 31.3°.…”

“…The piezoelectric values are in very good agreement with those reported by other authors . The Mn‐doping decreases the piezoelectric response but can, otherwise, contribute to generating a net magnetic dipole moment, as stressed by other authors, giving rise to the possibility of having a multiferroic material.…”

“…Moreover, a new peak, not found in BaTiO 3 , appeared at 629 cm −1 . This peak has been associated with a hexagonal phase (h‐BaTiO 3 ) by some authors …”

“…The ever‐growing number of synthesized nanofibers include pure ABO 3 type materials, such as BaMnO 3 , CdTiO 3 , LiNbO 3 , BaTiO 3 , as well as doped ABO 3 structures, for example, Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 , Ba 1− x La x TiO 3 , (Mn, Mg)‐doped BaTiO 3 , Fe‐doped BaTiO 3 , BaTi 1− x Ni x O 3 , just to mention a few. Among these, Mn‐doped BaTiO 3 is currently a material of great interest, from the point of view of technological application as well as fundamental physics research, as this compound is believed to be ferromagnetic, even though pure BaTiO 3 is nonmagnetic. Thus the considerable amount of research on this material, synthesized as particles and thin films, is hardly surprising.…”

Phase composition and dielectric properties of spark plasma sintered PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3

“…Such dispersion behaviour can be explained by Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization involving Koop's theory [42,43] for ferroelectric materials. Different types of polarization namely ionic, electronic, orientation, and space charge may be induced by interfacial dislocations, grain boundary charge defect, oxygen vacancies in ABO 3 type of perovskite structure, etc Dielectric constant falls drastically at higher frequencies since only ionic and electronic polarization act and the charge carriers cannot follow the applied electric field [44]. The dielectric constant of SPS-900 sample is the highest among the different samples studied, which is in agreement with the phase analysis by Rietveld refinement results.…”