?-Phase formation in chromium ferritic steels

Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in 2205 duplex stainless steels during additive manufacturing and heat treatment

“…It has been reported that with increasing N content, the expected fraction of Cr2N increases [41]. However, according to Zubchenko [42], N lengthens the incubation period for σ phase nucleation. N also lowers the diffusion rate of Cr and Mo (the main constituents of σ), which in turn makes it difficult to achieve the concentration required for σ to form [41].…”