Phase Formation, Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Magnetic Properties of Cr₂O₃ Doped (Ba_0.85Ca_0.15)(Ti_0.90Zr_0.10)O₃ Ceramics

Structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Cu2+- and Cu2+/Bi3+-doped BCZT lead-free ceramics: a comparative study

“…The observed decrease in grain size can be correlated with the accumulation of additives around grain boundaries when the content of doping was beyond their solubility limit in the host matrix (BCZT) and inhibit the growth of grains [22,24,34,39]. The small grain size also suggests that the present ceramic has a high dielectric breakdown strength, and is desirable [40].…”

WITHDRAWN: Unraveling Dielectric Abnormality Based on the Effect of Defect Dipoles in Cr Ion Doped Multipurpose Properties of BCT Ceramics

“…The properties of ceramic materials are highly dependent on final crystal symmetry, choice of dopant, the disparity in ionic radii between host/parent and dopant cations, doping concentration, and preparation conditions [28] The A-site substitution of smaller ionic radii Ca 2+ (1.34 Å) in BaTiO3 is caused by replacing Ba 2+ ions with larger ionic radii (1.61 Å) within its solid solution limit. BCT (Ca doping in BaTiO3) ceramics support the diffused temperature dependence of dielectric constant, provide higher breakdown strength, and better piezoelectric properties [2,14,[29][30][31][32]. Moreover, doping effect of Ca on temperature-dependent transitions of BaTiO3, tetragonal-cubic transition temperature (at ̴ 120 ˚C) shows negligible variation, but lowers the transition temperature of tetragonalorthorhombic (at ̴ 5 ˚C) and orthorhombicrhombohedral (at ̴ -80 ˚C) phase [1,15,30,33].…”

“…Cr ions are non-polluting transition metals having high chemical reactivity and meliorates the performance of perovskite ceramics. Cr doping brings significant improvement in stabilizing the crystal structure through the formation of solid-solution, enhances the aging effect, decrease dielectric losses, and tune transducer properties of ceramic systems [14,26,30,35]. Cr ions can exist in Cr 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cr 4+ , Cr 5+ and Cr 6+ oxidation states with ionic radii 0.80 Å, 0.615 Å, 0.55 Å, 0.49 Å and 0.44 Å respectively in six coordinated octahedral [24,36].…”

“…Leadbased compositions of ferroelectric ceramic capacitors offered outstanding energy storage properties. But the presence of highly precarious Lead (Pb) raised concerns regarding detrimental effects on human health and the environment, and forbid their usefulness [3,13,14]. New ceramic compositions need to be designed to replace Pb and derive the improved performance of Lead-free materials in a variety of achievable properties [13,15,16].…”