Phase-field modeling of austenite grain size effect on martensitic transformation in stainless steels

Yeddu, Hemantha Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.07.040

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In this term, k represents a material specific constant and d is the diameter of the grain. Thus, the results in [48] can be confirmed, where the effect of the austenite grain size on the martensitic transformation in stainless steels is investigated by simulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Investigation of Size Effects Due to Different Cooling Rates of As-Quenched Martensite Microstructures in a Low-Alloy Steel

et al. 2020

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Martensite transformation is a complex mechanism in materials that is classically initiated by a suitable heat treatment. This heat treatment process can be optimized based on a better understanding of the physical mechanisms on the length scale of several prior austenite grains. It is therefore appropriate to consider individual process steps of heat treatment in isolation. The aim of this study is to characterize the microstructural size changes caused by a variation of the cooling rate applied during the quenching process. For this purpose, individual martensitic microstructures from different heat treatments are analyzed using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method. With special orientation relationships between the parent austenite and martensite, the structure of the prior austenite grains and the close packet plane packets can then be reconstructed. The influence of the heat treatments on these characteristics as well as on the martensite blocks is thus quantified. No significant influence of the quenching rate on the sizes of martensite blocks and packets could be found.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Investigation of Size Effects Due to Different Cooling Rates of As-Quenched Martensite Microstructures in a Low-Alloy Steel

et al. 2020

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“…The small strains-based multiphase phase-field approaches have been developed to study MTs in polycrystalline materials in [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115]. The only PF model used for polycrystalline samples by Malik et al [116,117] considers a geometric nonlinear total strain, which was additively decomposed into inelastic and elastic parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8.2 of [118] and the references therein). Both concentration based [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115] and transformation strains [98,102,103,111] based order parameters have been used for describing the A and the N variants M 1 M 2 , . .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a single constraint cannot assure that each of the MTs can be systematically described by a single order parameter only, which is necessary for identifying the relations between the system parameters and the measurable material parameters; see [87]. The other papers [99][100][101][102][103][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] also did not consider all necessary constraints which allow controlling all the transformation paths and calibration of all the system parameters; see [87] for a detailed discussion. Various strategies were adopted to initiate the MTs in those papers as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grain boundary-induced martensitic transformations: A phase-field study of nucleation, size-effect, triple junction-effect, microstructures, and compatibility at the nanoscale

Basak¹

2022

Preprint

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An original thermodynamically consistent large strains-based multiphase phase-field (PF) approach of Ginzburg-Landau type is developed for studying the grain boundary (GB)-induced martensitic transformations (MTs) in polycrystalline materials at the nanoscale considering the structural stresses within the interfaces. In this general PF approach, N independent order parameters are used for describing the austenite (A)↔martensite (M) transformations and N (> 1) martensitic variants, and another M independent order parameters are considered for describing M (> 1) grains in the polycrystalline samples.The change in the GB energy due to its structural rearrangement during MTs is considered using variable energy for the GB(s) as a function of the order parameter related to the A ↔ M transformation. A rich plot for the temperatures of transformations between the A, premartensite, and M in a bicrystal with a symmetric planar tilt GB are plotted for the varying austenitic GB width. The strong effects of the parameters, including the austenitic GB width, change in GB energy due to MTs, GB misorientation, applied strains, and sample size on heterogeneous nucleation of the phases and the subsequent complex martensitic microstructures evolution are explored in various bicrystals with symmetric or asymmetric planar or circular tilt GBs during the forward and reverse transformations. The triple junction (TJ) energy and the energy and width of the adjacent GBs are also shown to strongly influence the nucleation and microstructures using the tricrystals having three symmetric planar tilt GBs meeting at 120 • dihedral angles. The compatibility of the microstructures across the GBs is studied. The elastic and structural stresses across the GBs and TJ regions are plotted, which is essential for understanding the role of GBs and TJs in materials failure. The plausible reasons for the nonintuitive behaviour of the GBs on martensite nucleation observed in experiments and atomistic simulations are explained.

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“…The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model has been used to study austenite formation during intercritical as well as reversion annealing [19][20][21] and can be used to study the reversion kinetics of the diffusional phase transformation. The phase-field method [22,23] has been successfully used to study the microstructure evolution during martensitic transformations [24][25][26][27][28][29] and reverse transformation of martensite to austenite [30][31][32]. The effect of phase fractions on the mechanical properties and performance of the components can be studied by using macroscale finite element analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Reversed Austenite Formation and Its Effect on Performance of Stainless Steel Components

Green

Yeddu

2021

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology

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The kinetics of reversed austenite formation in 301 stainless steel and its effect on the deformation of an automobile front bumper beam are studied by using modelling approaches at different length scales. The diffusion-controlled reversed austenite formation is studied by using the JMAK model, based on the experimental data. The model can be used to predict the volume fraction of reversed austenite in a temperature range of 650 - 750 C. A 3D elastoplastic phase-field model is used to study the diffusionless shear-type reversed austenite formation in 301 steel at 760 C. The phase-field simulations show that reversion initiates at martensite lath boundaries and proceeds inwards of laths due to the high driving force at such high temperature. The effect of reversed austenite (RA) on the deformation of a bumper beam subjected to front and side impacts is studied by using finite element (FE) analysis. The FE simulations show that the presence of reversed austenite increased the critical speed at which the beam yielded and failed. RA fraction also affects the performance of the bumper beam.

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Phase-field modeling of austenite grain size effect on martensitic transformation in stainless steels

Cited by 47 publications

References 59 publications

Investigation of Size Effects Due to Different Cooling Rates of As-Quenched Martensite Microstructures in a Low-Alloy Steel

Investigation of Size Effects Due to Different Cooling Rates of As-Quenched Martensite Microstructures in a Low-Alloy Steel

Grain boundary-induced martensitic transformations: A phase-field study of nucleation, size-effect, triple junction-effect, microstructures, and compatibility at the nanoscale

Modeling of Reversed Austenite Formation and Its Effect on Performance of Stainless Steel Components

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