Phase diagram of the relaxor ferroelectric (1 −x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3+xPbTiO3revisited: a neutron powder diffraction study of the relaxor skin effect

Phelan, Daniel; Rodriguez, Efrain E.; Gao, Junjie; Bing, Yonghong; Ye, Zuo‐Guang; Huang, Q.; Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Stock, C.; Matsuura, Masato; Gehring, P. M.

doi:10.1080/01411594.2014.989226

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Therefore, the nonpolar cubic phase can coexist with the other polar phases, in agreement with the experimental fact that the relaxors are characterized by the appearance of nanosized polar clusters embedded in a nonpolar matrix . The results shown in Tables and are also consistent with the experimental measurement that the average crystal structure of the PMN and PZN relaxors is macroscopically cubic …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relaxors possess polar nanoregions (PNRs), which can be compared to the macro‐size domains in normal ferroelectrics . The PNRs have been observed and studied extensively in mixed ABO 3 perovskite oxides, including BaZr x Ti 1 ‐x O 3 (BZT), La‐modified PbZr x Ti 1 ‐x O 3 (PLZT), PbMg 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 O 3 (PMN), PbZn 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 O 3 (PZN), and so on …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average crystal structure of the BZT relaxors is nonpolar cubic at any temperatures . Similarly, the average crystal structure of the PMN heterovalent (Mg 2+ and Nb 5+ ) relaxor retains macroscopic cubic symmetry (even at cryogenic temperatures) . Unlike the PMN relaxor, the PZN relaxor acquires rhombohedral symmetry (R3m) or a second phase with lower symmetry at low temperatures, possibly due to its skin effect …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition‐ and Pressure‐Induced Relaxor Ferroelectrics: First‐Principles Calculations and Landau‐Devonshire Theory

et al. 2016

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We report calculations with first‐principles density‐functional theory and Landau–Devonshire theory that provide an atomic‐scale mechanism for the composition‐ and pressure‐induced relaxor ferroelectrics. A multiphase with coexisted cubic structures (MPCCS) is found to correspond to any of the composition‐ and pressure‐induced relaxor ferroelectrics. On the other hand, a normal ferroelectric without relaxor behavior is structurally characterized by a single phase. Furthermore, the presence of the MPCCS in a composition‐ and pressure‐induced relaxor increases the degrees of freedom of relaxors and no energy barriers are involved for the rotations of the polarization direction, leading to high electromechanical coefficients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition‐ and Pressure‐Induced Relaxor Ferroelectrics: First‐Principles Calculations and Landau‐Devonshire Theory

et al. 2016

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“…The microstructure of the ferroelectric solid solutions across the MPBs has been thoroughly studied. Initial researches reported monoclinic structures in the MPB PZTs and relaxor‐based ferroelectrics through neutron diffraction analysis, while subsequent work demonstrates that the observed diffraction signatures are exactly in coincidence with an adaptive ferroelectric phase that consists of a highly ordered conformal superlattice with asymmetric domain twins of parent phase symmetry and the domain‐averaged structure is monoclinic . However, the adaptive phase theory is premised on a pivotal assumption regardless of the domain wall energy, which merely establishes when the system is close to the phase boundary where the polarization anisotropy vanishes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The qualitative behavior of the free energy and its effect on the polarization rotation behavior is then more significant than in the BaTiO 3 crystals. The vanishing polarization anisotropy around the MPB region then leads to a much more favorable consequence: extremely small energy barrier for polarization rotation among the <001> , <011>, and <111> directions . This is the fundamental reason that the MPB PMN‐ x PTs are prone to complex and multiphase microstructures with ultrahigh piezoelectric and dielectric responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M_C Type Phase Structure and Temperature‐Induced M_C‐C Transition in the As‐Grown PMN‐0.36PT Single Crystal

Yan

et al. 2016

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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The phase structure in the as‐grown PMN‐0.36PT single crystal was studied and the temperature‐induced domain evolution was investigated using a polarized light microscope (PLM). The crystal is identified to be MC type monoclinic based on the PLM results and tends to transform to cubic (C) phase directly through polarization rotation. The MC phase is metastable below Curie temperature (TC), but prone to tetragonal phase upon electric field poling or high‐temperature annealing. We suppose that the formation of the MC phase structure is associated with the strain gradient originated from Ti4+ segregation and the special MC‐C phase transformation style is mediated by the corresponding residual ferroelastic strain stored within the as‐formed domain structure.

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Local Structural Heterogeneity and Electromechanical Responses of Ferroelectrics: Learning from Relaxor Ferroelectrics

Zhang

Damjanović

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

306

228

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Long-range ordering of dipoles is a key microscopic signature of ferroelectrics. These ordered dipoles form ferroelectric domains, which can be reoriented by electric fields. Relaxor ferroelectrics are a type of ferroelectric where the longrange ordering of dipoles is disrupted by cation disorder, exhibiting complex polar states with a significant amount of local structural heterogeneity at the nanoscale. They are the materials of choice for numerous devices such as capacitors, nonlinear optical devices, and piezoelectric transducers, owing to their extraordinary dielectric, electro-optic, and electromechanical properties. However, despite their extensive applications in these devices, the origins of their unique properties are yet to be fully understood, hindering the design and exploration of new relaxor ferroelectric-based materials. Herein, the complex polar states and applications of relaxor ferroelectrics are first introduced. Attention is then focused on their electromechanical properties, where the relationship between local structural heterogeneity and the extraordinary electromechanical properties is discussed. Based on the understanding of relaxor ferroelectrics, potential strategies to exploit the local structural heterogeneity to design ferroelectrics for drastically enhancing their electromechanical performances are also discussed. It is expected that this article will stimulate future studies on the important roles of local structural heterogeneity in improving the properties of various functional materials. FerroelectricsThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

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Phase diagram of the relaxor ferroelectric (1 −x)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃+xPbTiO₃revisited: a neutron powder diffraction study of the relaxor skin effect

Cited by 36 publications

References 56 publications

Composition‐ and Pressure‐Induced Relaxor Ferroelectrics: First‐Principles Calculations and Landau‐Devonshire Theory

Composition‐ and Pressure‐Induced Relaxor Ferroelectrics: First‐Principles Calculations and Landau‐Devonshire Theory

M_C Type Phase Structure and Temperature‐Induced M_C‐C Transition in the As‐Grown PMN‐0.36PT Single Crystal

Local Structural Heterogeneity and Electromechanical Responses of Ferroelectrics: Learning from Relaxor Ferroelectrics

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Phase diagram of the relaxor ferroelectric (1 −x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3+xPbTiO3revisited: a neutron powder diffraction study of the relaxor skin effect

Cited by 36 publications

References 56 publications

Composition‐ and Pressure‐Induced Relaxor Ferroelectrics: First‐Principles Calculations and Landau‐Devonshire Theory

Composition‐ and Pressure‐Induced Relaxor Ferroelectrics: First‐Principles Calculations and Landau‐Devonshire Theory

MC Type Phase Structure and Temperature‐Induced MC‐C Transition in the As‐Grown PMN‐0.36PT Single Crystal

Local Structural Heterogeneity and Electromechanical Responses of Ferroelectrics: Learning from Relaxor Ferroelectrics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Phase diagram of the relaxor ferroelectric (1 −x)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃+xPbTiO₃revisited: a neutron powder diffraction study of the relaxor skin effect

M_C Type Phase Structure and Temperature‐Induced M_C‐C Transition in the As‐Grown PMN‐0.36PT Single Crystal