Phase diagram investigations of the Ni–Sn–Bi system

Vassilev, G. P.; Lilova, Kristina; Gachon, J.C.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.01.100

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Actualmente, sigue siendo motivo de estudio, orientándose investigaciones en la búsqueda de nuevas aleaciones para satisfacer necesidades específicas [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. En la práctica los baños a partir de los cuales se deposita la aleación, son soluciones electrolíticas Cloruro -Fluoruro [10], [11] y Pirofosfato [12], [13].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Electrodeposición de la aleación estaño – niquel a partir de los baños cloruro – fluoruro y pirofosfato

Jiménez

2017

Respuestas

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Los recubrimientos electrolíticos de Sn-Ni vienen siendo estudiados desde mediados del Siglo 20. Actualmente, los investigadores continúan haciendo aportes significativos, reformulando los baños electrolíticos y afinando los parámetros de electrodeposición para garantizar la calidad de los recubrimientos, debido a las múltiples aplicaciones que se le atribuyen a estos sistemas. La presente investigación, tiene como finalidad determinar el efecto de los parámetros que rigen el proceso de codeposiciòn de estaño y níquel, fundamentalmente la densidad de corriente, la composición química del baño electrolítico y la agitación; sobre la composición y el espesor de los recubrimientos depositados sobre láminas de acero. El proceso de electrodeposición se realizó en celda Hull y celda paralela, a partir de los baños electrolíticos de cloruro-fluoruro y pirofosfato. Se utilizaron técnicas de absorción atómica, gravimetría, microscopía electrónica de barrido y energía dispersiva de rayos x, para determinar los porcentajes y perfil de Sn y Ni en las muestras recubiertas, morfología y espesor de los recubrimientos. Los resultados demuestran que la densidad de corriente, tiene un efecto significativo en la composición, morfología y espesor de los recubrimientos, independientemente del tipo de baño electrolítico y de la condición de agitación. La procedencia del baño es determinante en la calidad de los recubrimientos y la condición de agitación reduce el espesor de los recubrimientos.Palabras claves: Composición, Deposición, Electrodeposición, Estaño – Níquel, Estructura, Parámetros, Recubrimiento. Abstract The electrochemical coatings of Sn-Ni have been studied since the mid-20th century. Researchers are continuing to make significant contributions by reformulating electrolytic baths and fine-tuning electrodeposition parameters to ensure the quality of coatings due to multiple applications they attribute to these systems. The present investigation has the purpose of determining the effect of the parameters that govern the process of codeposition of tin and nickel, mainly the current density, the chemical composition of the electrolytic bath and the stirring; on the composition and thickness of the coatings deposited on steel sheets. The electrodeposition process was performed in Hull cell and parallel cell, from the electrolytic chloride-fluoride and pyrophosphate baths. Atomic absorption, gravimetric, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray dispersive energy, were used to determine the percentages and profile of Sn and Ni in the coated samples, morphology and thickness of the coatings. The results show that the current density has a significant effect on the composition, morphology and thickness of the coatings, regardless of the type of electrolytic bath and the agitation condition. The origin of the bath is decisive in the quality of the coatings and the condition of agitation reduces the thickness of the coatings.Key words: Composition, Deposition, Electrodeposition, Tin - Nickel, Structure, Parameters, Coating. Resumo Os revestimentos eletrólitos de Sn-Ni foram estudados desde meados do século 20. Hoje, os pesquisadores continuam a fazer contribuições significativas reformulando os banhos eletrolíticos e ajustando os parâmetros de eletrodeposição para garantir a qualidade dos revestimentos devido a múltiplas aplicativos que são atribuídos a esses sistemas. A presente investigação tem como objetivo determinar o efeito dos parâmetros que regem o processo de codificação de estanho e níquel, principalmente a densidade atual, a composição química do banho eletrolítico e a agitação; sobre a composição e espessura dos revestimentos depositados em chapas de aço. O processo de electrodeposição foi realizado em células de Hull e células paralelas, a partir dos banhos eletrolíticos de cloreto-fluoreto e pirofosfato. A absorção atômica, gravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e energia dispersiva de raios-x foram utilizados para determinar as porcentagens e perfil de Sn e Ni nas amostras revestidas, morfologia e espessura dos revestimentos. Os resultados mostram que a densidade atual tem um efeito significativo na composição, morfologia e espessura dos revestimentos, independentemente do tipo de banho eletrolítico e da condição de agitação. A origem do banho é decisiva na qualidade dos revestimentos e a condição de agitação reduz a espessura dos revestimentos.Palavras-chave: Composição, Deposição, Eletrodeposição, Estanho - Níquel, Estrutura, Parâmetros, Revestimento.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Electrodeposición de la aleación estaño – niquel a partir de los baños cloruro – fluoruro y pirofosfato

Jiménez

2017

Respuestas

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“…Thus, the investigation of the possible reaction between the solder and the nickel substrate became a necessity. The phases and the thermodynamics of the Ni-Sn-Bi ternary system have already been studied experimentally (Vassilev et al 2007, 2009a, Milcheva et al 2011a, 2011b, Kang et al 1996, Lee et al 2003, Vassilev et al 2012. Calculated phase equilibria at 623 K have also been reported (Seo et al 2007), although the authors used binary parameters to describe the ternary solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The binary end-systems Bi-Ni (Seo et al 2007, Vassilev et al 2009b, Ni-Sn (Liu et al 2004, Schmetterer et al 2007, Zemanova et al 2012 and Bi-Sn (Vizdal et al 2007) are well known. The solubility of bismuth and tin in the binary Ni-Sn and Bi-Ni, respectively, has not been extensively studied, although one study shows a small solubility (not more than 2-3 at%) (Vassilev et al 2009a). There are three experimentally built isothermal sections at 723 K, 903 K (Vassilev et al 2009a) and at 1273 K (Vassilev et al 2008), which have not been included in any optimizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solubility of bismuth and tin in the binary Ni-Sn and Bi-Ni, respectively, has not been extensively studied, although one study shows a small solubility (not more than 2-3 at%) (Vassilev et al 2009a). There are three experimentally built isothermal sections at 723 K, 903 K (Vassilev et al 2009a) and at 1273 K (Vassilev et al 2008), which have not been included in any optimizations. The same applies to the new ternary compound T1 with the approximate formula Ni7Sn2Bi and compositions xNi = 0.66, xSn = 0.21 and xBi = 0.13 (Vassilev et al 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three experimentally built isothermal sections at 723 K, 903 K (Vassilev et al 2009a) and at 1273 K (Vassilev et al 2008), which have not been included in any optimizations. The same applies to the new ternary compound T1 with the approximate formula Ni7Sn2Bi and compositions xNi = 0.66, xSn = 0.21 and xBi = 0.13 (Vassilev et al 2009a). The thermochemical properties of the ternary system and particularly the liquid phase are not well-known yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic Optimization and Phase Modeling in the Ni-Sn-Bi Ternary System

Gandova

Lilova

2017

JSSCM

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The thermodynamic optimization of the Ni-Sn-Bi ternary system was performed using the Calphad method and experimental data obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The ternary phase was described using a three-sublattice model. The previously reported new ternary compound and the solubility of the third element in two binary systems (Bi in Ni-Sn and Sn in Bi-Ni) were included in the optimization. Four isothermal sections were calculated using Thermi-Calc software and compared with the experimentally obtained ones. A miscibility gap in the ternary system was found at 1610 K.

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ChemInform Abstract: Phase Diagram Investigations of the Ni—Sn—Bi System.

2009

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Equilibria E 4000Phase Diagram Investigations of the Ni-Sn-Bi System. -Phase equilibria in the title system are studied at 733 and 903 K. Isothermal sections of the ternary system are constructed for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy indicates the existence of a formerly unknown ternary compound with approximate formula Ni7Sn2Bi and chemical composition Ni6.6Sn2.1Bi1.3. The phase could not be identified by XRD. -(VASSILEV*, G. P.; LILOVA, K. I.; GACHON, J.-C.; J. Alloys Compd. 469 (2009) 1-2, 264-269; Fac. Chem., Univ. Plovdiv, BG-4000 Plovdiv, Bulg.; Eng.) -W. Pewestorf 18-015

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Phase diagram investigations of the Ni–Sn–Bi system

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Electrodeposición de la aleación estaño – niquel a partir de los baños cloruro – fluoruro y pirofosfato

Electrodeposición de la aleación estaño – niquel a partir de los baños cloruro – fluoruro y pirofosfato

Thermodynamic Optimization and Phase Modeling in the Ni-Sn-Bi Ternary System

ChemInform Abstract: Phase Diagram Investigations of the Ni—Sn—Bi System.

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