Phase Contrast and Interferometric Microscopy of the L.E. Cell Phenomenon

Rifkind, Richard A.; Godman, Gabriel C.

doi:10.1084/jem.106.4.607

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…gamma globulin. This two-stage formulation is consistent with the work of others (20)(21)(22), and certain of the present studies on this aspect of the L.E. phenomenon are similar to the work of Holman and Kunkel (8).…”

Section: Fig 3 Extracellular Nuclear Materials Obtained By Shaking Wsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Studies on the Mechanism of the Lupus Erythematosus (L.E.) Phenomenon*

Aisenberg¹

1959

J. Clin. Invest.

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Since the original demonstration by Hargraves of the Feulgen positive nature of the lupus erythematosus (L.E.) cell (1), it has become increasingly evident that the specific nature of the L.E. phenomenon resides in the reaction of the cell nucleus with a gamma globulin-like protein from the L.E. patient's serum (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) (1956)(1957) Experiments designed to demonstrate the necessity of an accessory serum factor for the L.E. phenomenon (Table I) were done in the following manner. Leukocytes from 0.5 ml. of normal buffy coat were washed five times with buffered saline (8 Gm. of NaCl and 1.38Gm. of NaH2PO4 H20 per L. adjusted to pH 7.0 with NaOH) and incubated with 0.3 ml. of isotonic saline (first column of Table I), 0.2 ml. of L.E. gamma globulin heated to 560 C. for 30 minutes (second column), and with 0.2 ml. of heated L.E. gamma globulin with 0.1 ml. of fresh normal serum added (third column). The phagocytic index was determined with particulate starch (14) on separate tubes, by counting the number of granules per 100 white blood cells with the aid of a phase contrast microscope.The experiments designed to demonstrate the twostage nature of the L.E. phenomenon (Table II) were done in a somewhat different manner. Nuclei either from 1.0 ml. of fresh buffy coat, or 1.2 mg. of lyophilized leukemic nuclei, were incubated with 0.2 ml. of L.E. gamma globulin at room temperature for 30 minutes with occasional agitation. The nuclei were then washed twice with buffered saline to remove unbound L.E. gamma 325

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Section: Fig 3 Extracellular Nuclear Materials Obtained By Shaking Wsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This latter appearance is characteristic of the extracellular nuclear material and intracellular inclusions produced by L.E. sera as described by others (12,20), but in the present situation the evolution of the L.E. cell is prevented by the absence of the phagocytosis-promoting factor.…”

Section: Accessory Serum Factorsupporting

confidence: 80%

Studies on the Mechanism of the Lupus Erythematosus (L.E.) Phenomenon*

Aisenberg¹

1959

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The results are not compatible with the LE-cell phenomenon being attributed to early apoptotic cells engulfed in vivo, but rather to an in vitro phenomenon where nuclei of necrotic cells are phagocytosed. Thus, our data provide evidence for the fact that the engulfed nuclear materials are nuclei released from traumatized cells, as was postulated almost 50 years ago [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Engulfed cell remnants, and not cells undergoing apoptosis, constitute the LE-cell phenomenon

et al. 2007

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The LE cell has been one of the first immunological signs of active systemic lupus erythematosus, included into the ACR criteria. LE cells consist of a phagocyte engulfing material of disputed origin, which was interpreted as either cellular remnants from necrotic cells or as early apoptotic cells. It is well established that LE cell formation is dependent on autoantibodies against the linker histone H1. In view of this fact, we investigated whether anti-histone H1 antibodies and LE cell positive sera bound to cells where apoptosis had been induced by gliotoxin or actinomycin D or which were necrotic after heating. Necrotic cell remnants, but not (early) apoptotic cells were bound by anti-histone H1 antibodies and LE cell positive sera, establishing that the process of LE cell formation, which is dependent on anti-H1 binding, leads to engulfment of necrotic (or late apoptotic) material, but not of early apoptotic cells.

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“…The lupus erythematosus (LE) cell phenomenon is among the best known and longest studied autoimmune abnormalities of SLE (10). Characteristically, cell nuclei with a previously altered chromatin structure are engulfed by polymorphonuclear granulocytes by means of an IgG autoantibody and complement/ complement receptor-mediated mechanism (11,12). Complete phagocytosis of nuclear material results in a displacement of the phagocyte's nucleus to the cell periphery, producing the typical morphology of an LE cell.…”

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confidence: 99%