Phase coexistence in fluidization

Abstract

The coexistence and interaction of a granular liquid-like phase (emulsion) and a gas-like phase (bubbles) in fluidization is a spontaneous symmetry-breaking dissipative state, contributing to excellent mixing behavior in fluidized beds. In the present study, a universal granular state equation to describe the phase coexistence at far away from the critical point is developed by taking both the inelastic solid collision and asymmetrical instability into consideration. Besides, a cold-flow experiment using particles of the Geldart's A group at 0.1-1 MPa pressure is performed to verify the granular state equation, where the solid volume fraction (ε s ) and solid pressure (p s ) are obtained by a dual optical probe and a special pressure transducer, respectively. Based on both theoretical analysis and experimental study, a phase diagram is produced to serve as a useful guide for the design and operation of efficient fluidized-bed reactors.

A review of the recent progress on direct heterogeneous catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to gasoline-range hydrocarbons

“…Wei and Lu et al conducted both theory analysis and experimental study for a phase diagram to guide the design and operation of efficient fluidized-bed reactor (Fig. 14b), which might be applied in CO 2 conversion to aviation fuel 97,110 . They carried out a pilot scale test with an annual CO 2 consumption of 10 5 m 3 based on their previous studies, in which a blueprint about CO 2 (from waste gas) hydrogenated with green hydrogen into jet fuel was drawn.…”

“…14(b)), which might be applied in CO 2 conversion to aviation fuel. 97,110 They carried out a pilot scale test with an annual CO 2 consumption of 10 5 m 3 based on their previous studies, in which a blueprint of CO 2 (from waste gas) hydrogenated with green hydrogen into jet fuel was drawn. Furthermore, in 2021, a 10 000 ton scale industrial project of CO x to aromatics was constructed in Inner Mongolia, China, with the cooperation of Wei's group and some energy companies.…”