Phase change materials, their synthesis and application in textiles—a review

Iqbal, Kashif; Khan, Asfandyar; Sun, Danmei; Ashraf, Munir; Rehman, Abdur; Safdar, Faiza; Basit, Abdul; Maqsood, Hafiz Shahzad

doi:10.1080/00405000.2018.1548088

Cited by 122 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, they need to be confined to avoid leakage above the melting temperature, which is commonly achieved via encapsulation in micro/nano-shells [34][35][36], as this is not only a reliable method for confinement, but it is also one of the most convenient PCM forms to handle and disperse in polymers, concrete, and other matrices [37][38][39]. The production of polymer fibers containing a PCM has recently grown to fabricate smart thermoregulating textiles for a broad range of applications, including clothing, footwear, blankets, carpets and mattresses, but also advanced applications like sports apparel, spacesuits, and automotive and aerospace textiles [40][41][42]. The incorporation of PCMs into polymer fibers can be achieved with different techniques, such as the direct melt/solvent spinning of polymers containing free PCM [43], the spinning of bi-component fibers with the PCM as the core and the matrix material as the sheath [40,44], the coating of spun fibers with a paste or adhesive containing the PCM [45], and the addition of PCM microcapsules to the melt/solvent spun polymer [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt-spun polypropylene filaments containing paraffin microcapsules for multifunctional hybrid yarns and smart thermoregulating thermoplastic composites

Fredi¹,

Bruenig²,

Vogel³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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The present work focuses on the development of polypropylene (PP) filaments containing paraffin microcapsules (MC), aimed at being incorporated in hybrid yarns to produce multifunctional thermoplastic laminates for thermal energy storage (TES). Benchmark experiments carried out on a small-scale melt compounder and piston-type melt spinning device resulted in the successful production of single filaments containing up to 30 wt% of MC, with diameters of 70-140 µm depending on the collection speed and a surface roughness that increases with the MC content. An increase in the MC fraction also determines a rise in the complex viscosity, but this effect is less evident at higher shear rates and likely almost negligible at the deformation rates typical of the spinning process. Although the MC have a considerable thermal stability, the compounded mixtures reported a sensible mass loss in isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests, which is linked to a not negligible MC damage during the compounding. Nevertheless, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on the spun filaments evidenced an increase in the phase change enthalpy with the MC content up to approx. 48 J/g, which is remarkably higher than that of similar systems reported in the literature. The elastic modulus and the properties at break decrease with an increase in the MC content, but the fiber strength is acceptable to produce a hybrid yarn and a thermoplastic laminate up to a MC fraction of 20 wt%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt-spun polypropylene filaments containing paraffin microcapsules for multifunctional hybrid yarns and smart thermoregulating thermoplastic composites

Fredi¹,

Bruenig²,

Vogel³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Incorporating the existing PCMs into textiles can improve the thermal comfort by distributing the PCMs uniformly in the clothes, compared with the previous PTGs where the PCMs are centrally located in a packet with bulky size and heavy weight. [ 71,72,90 ] However, it is not easy to achieve the phase‐changing textile. This drawback is evidenced in the trademarks like OutlastTM and ComforTemp due to the leakage issues.…”

Section: Advanced Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 114 ] The microencapsulation of PCMs can be incorporated into textiles by well‐established methods in the textile industry as coating, padding, laminating, printing, etc. [ 71,72,114 ] However, it should be noticed that the PCMs may be degraded or lost by washing, wiping or abrasion. To this end, fibers with hollow structures offer advantages to act as the tiny containers of PCMs.…”

Section: Advanced Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Liu

Shin

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

371

242

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us warm in cold climates and shielded us from the nakedness for modesty and civilization. [1,2] Cloth is also a platform for artists, designers, and tailors to advance the clothing demands with emerging materials, process, and fashion. [2] While the majority of the functionalities of clothes lie in their physical attributes, such as their softness, breathability, air/ vapor permeability, and, of course the appearance, their role in thermal management is equally, if not more, important. The primary goal of clothing is to satisfy human being's basic needs in thermal comfort, by providing cooling in the hot environment or heating in the cold environment. [1] The energy management aspect of clothing is becoming an increasingly important and attractive aspect due to our increasing awareness to energy consumption and our persisting pursuit of comfort and health. The finite availability and the associated environmental consequence of fossil fuels have motivated us to save energy from virtually all aspects of our daily lives. A suitable thermal envelop is a necessity for our living and working. To create a comfortable indoor environment, the building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used for space cooling and heating at the expense of excessive energy consumption. [3][4][5][6] According to United States In this decade, the demands of energy saving and diverse personal thermoregulation requirements along with the emergence of wearable electronics and smart textiles give rise to the resurgence of personal thermal management (PTM) technologies. PTM, including personal cooling, heating, insulation, and thermoregulation, are far more flexible and extensive than the traditional air/liquid cooling garments for the human body. Concomitantly, many new advanced materials and strategies have emerged in this decade, promoting the thermoregulation performance and the wearing comfort of PTM simultaneously. In this review, an overview is presented of the state-ofthe-art and the prospects in this burgeoning field. The emerging materials and strategies of PTM are introduced, and classed by their thermal functions. The concept of infrared-transparent visible-opaque fabric (ITVOF) is first highlighted, as it triggers the work on advanced PTM by combining it with radiative cooling, and the corresponding implementations and realizations are subsequently introduced, followed by wearable heaters, flexible thermoelectric devices, and sweat-management Janus textiles. Finally, critical considerations on the challenges and opportunities of PTM are presented and future directions are identified, including thermally conductive polymers and fibers, physiological/psychological statistical analysis, and smart PTM strategies.

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“…A solar thermal storage material, such as Solar-α, Thermotron fiber (Unitika, Tokyo, Janpan), Thermocatch fiber (Mitsubishi Rayon, Tokyo, Janpan), etc., absorbs the visible and near-infrared rays of solar radiation, and then reflects the human body’s heat radiation to achieve a thermal insulation effect [16]. Incorporating PCMs into fiber or fabric provides thermoregulating function to textiles [17,18]. PCMs can absorb or release heat energy as its own phase changes at a defined range of temperatures and can be used repeatedly to reduce heat energy waste [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design and Manufacture of a Multilayer Low-Temperature Protective Composite Fabric Based on Active Heating Materials and Passive Insulating Materials

Sun

Wang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Based on active heating materials (the phase change microcapsules (microPCMs)) and passive insulating materials (SiO2 aerogel), a new-type multilayer low temperature protective composite fabric (MPF) was designed and manufactured to meet the demands of protection and operation in a short time under a low-temperature environment. Results showed that the MPF consisted of three layers including the fabric layer, the microPCM function layer, and the SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation layer. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results demonstrated that the phase transition enthalpy of the composite was 96.2 J/g during the cooling process. The low-temperature resistance and thermal insulation performance at −50 °C were investigated. The results also demonstrated that the low-temperature resistance time of the MPF was 660 s and the power consumption of the MPFs needed to maintain 37 °C for 10 and 20 min were 629 J and 1872 J, respectively. Compared with the microPCM function layer and the thermal insulation layer, which have the same thickness as the MPF, the low-temperature resistance time of the MPF was prolonged for about 2 and 3 min, respectively. The MPF could provide effective protection of the low-temperature work in a short time and could be applied as potential materials in low-temperature protection.

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Phase change materials, their synthesis and application in textiles—a review

Cited by 122 publications

References 97 publications

Melt-spun polypropylene filaments containing paraffin microcapsules for multifunctional hybrid yarns and smart thermoregulating thermoplastic composites

Melt-spun polypropylene filaments containing paraffin microcapsules for multifunctional hybrid yarns and smart thermoregulating thermoplastic composites

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

The Design and Manufacture of a Multilayer Low-Temperature Protective Composite Fabric Based on Active Heating Materials and Passive Insulating Materials

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