Phase Change Materials—Applications and Systems Designs: A Literature Review

Diaconu, Bogdan; Cruceru, Mihai; Anghelescu, Lucica

doi:10.3390/designs6060117

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…In response to several international regulations regarding cost-optimal minimum energy performance requirements, thermal energy storage has emerged as a promising method for energy-efficient use. Thus, energy storage plays a crucial role in saving excess energy and resolving the imbalance between energy supply and demand [ 1 , 2 ]. For renewable energies such as solar and geothermal, energy storage helps to store a huge amount of energy that otherwise can be lost [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel PEG6000–Silica-MWCNTs Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase-Change Materials (ssCPCMs) for Thermal-Energy Storage

et al. 2023

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This paper describes the preparation of new PEG6000–silica-MWCNTs composites as shape-stabilized phase change materials (ssPCMs) for application in latent heat storage. An innovative method was employed to obtain the new organic–inorganic hybrid materials, in which both a part of the PEG chains, used as the phase change material, and a part of the hydroxyl functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH), used as thermo-conductive fillers, were covalently connected by newly formed urethane bonds to the in-situ-generated silica matrix. The study’s main aim was to investigate the optimal amount of PEG6000 that can be added to the fixed sol–gel reaction mixture so that no leakage of PEG occurs after repeated heating–cooling cycles. The findings show that the optimum PEG6000/NCOTEOS molar ratio was 2/1 (~91.5% PEG6000), because both the connected and free PEG chains interacted strongly with the in-situ-generated silica matrix to form a shape-stabilized material while preserving high phase-transition enthalpies (~153 J/G). Morphological and structural findings obtained by SEM, X-ray and Raman techniques indicated a distribution of the silica component in the amorphous phase (~27% for the optimum composition) located among the crystalline lamellae built by the folded chains of the PEG component. This composite maintained good chemical stability after a 450-cycle thermal test and had a good storage efficiency (~84%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel PEG6000–Silica-MWCNTs Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase-Change Materials (ssCPCMs) for Thermal-Energy Storage

et al. 2023

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“…An analysis of this method is included in [ 14 ]. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) is an approach that allows the ignition of a cell to be delayed due to its excessive heating, and is widely used [ 15 , 16 ]. A comprehensive overview of cooling technology is contained in [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dependence of the Burning Process and Ignition Temperature of a Lithium Cell on Its State of Charge

Erd

Ciszewski

2023

Sensors

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Batteries and energy stores built with lithium-ion cells are potentially dangerous and can cause fires that are difficult to extinguish. Reducing the intensity of the fires and extending the time of their development may be of great importance for improving safety. The aim of this work is to examine the influence of the state of charge (SOC) of a cell on susceptibility to ignition, and to analyze the course of the burning process. For this purpose, a special measuring station was built, where ignition was initiated and the course of combustion was observed. During the measurements, energy was supplied by heating a cell from the outside with a resistance heater while at the same time thermally insulating the cell from the environment. The measures of the course of the fire were the amount of energy supplied to the cell before ignition and the temperature changes during the fire. The tests proved the existence of significant differences in the amount of energy causing the ignition of cells. These differences result from changes in the SOC. Quantitative results are presented. The existence of differences in susceptibility to ignition can be used to change the construction of control algorithms for battery management systems (BMSs).

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“…PCMs possess the ability to store and release thermal energy during phase transitions, making them useful for applications requiring efficient thermal regulation. However, the relatively low thermal conductivity of PCMs limits the charging and discharging rates, leading to reduced overall efficiency [1]. In recent years, researchers have explored innovative strategies to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCMs by incorporating them into porous metallic or carbon matrices, such as metal foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Effective Thermophysical Properties of Phase Change Materials Embedded in Metallic Lattice Structures with Generic Topological Parameters

Piacquadio,

Soika,

Schirp

et al. 2023

Thermo

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The recent literature has introduced the use of architected materials with a metallic lattice structure-based topology to enhance the thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCM). The potential of such structures lies in the freedom of design with complex geometries. This, however, has introduced novel challenges regarding the analytical description of these materials’ effective thermophysical properties, which are used in order to treat the composite as a homogenized material. Only a few limited works have been presented thus far that have holistically addressed the calculation of such properties. The wide variety of possible geometric parameters in these materials can only be appropriately treated via an adaptable approach that can be extended to upcoming lattice geometries. With this aim in mind, the present work introduces a method to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of the discussed composite PCM. A cell-based approach to calculate the effective thermal conductivity is introduced. The method makes use of Steinmetz’s solids as a basis from which one can derive the porosity of unit cells with variable geometric parameters. Empirical factors are introduced to account for limitations due to the complex geometry and eventual manufacturing imperfections of these structures. Thus, semi-analytical formulae to describe the effective thermal conductivity of the lattice cells are derived for a variety of cuboid and hexagonal prismatic unit cells with generic topological parameters. The formulae are validated against the models and experimental results present in the literature. Finally, an analysis and discussion of the limited validity of homogenization techniques for lattice structures is presented.

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Phase Change Materials—Applications and Systems Designs: A Literature Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 162 publications

Novel PEG6000–Silica-MWCNTs Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase-Change Materials (ssCPCMs) for Thermal-Energy Storage

Novel PEG6000–Silica-MWCNTs Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase-Change Materials (ssCPCMs) for Thermal-Energy Storage

The Dependence of the Burning Process and Ignition Temperature of a Lithium Cell on Its State of Charge

On the Effective Thermophysical Properties of Phase Change Materials Embedded in Metallic Lattice Structures with Generic Topological Parameters

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