Phase Breaking of Coherent Electron Waves in Dot Array Systems

Abstract

Low temperature magneto-conductance has been studied in ballistic dot arrays using corrugation splitgates. We have obseved many peaks at low fields superimposed upon the large negative magneto-resistance in double sided corrugation wires. These peaks can be considered to arise from three different phase breaking phenomena for coherent electron waves in ballistic quantum dots: weak localization in the quasi-ballistic regime, periodic oscillations due to coherent interferences and electron focusing of collimated electron waves. The three phenomena have been discussed in terms of their phase breaking behavior in dot arrays.

Financializing urban infrastructure? The speculative state-spaces of ‘public-public partnerships’ in Jakarta

“…Just as Widjaya was making speculative bets on Indonesian infrastructure, equally adventurous Asian financiers were willing to place risky bets on Widjaya's politically-connected ventures: the Hong Kong investment firm Peregrine (one of the largest in Asia at the time) became a poster child of the reckless speculation that underpinned the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, making a $250 million bet on PT Steady Safe by underwriting its dollar-denominated bonds. With PT Steady Safe failing to repay its ballooning obligations as the Rupiah crashed, it brought down Peregrine with it, sending shockwaves across global financial markets and institutions (Shari, 1997; Yeung, 2004). A similar scenario played out with the conglomerates Lippo and Bakrie, which in addition to the MRT had made speculative bets on Jakarta's property market, and whose heavy dollar borrowings and subsequent defaults precipitated Krismon and the fall of Suharto in 1998.…”