Phase Behavior and Polymerization of the Ternary Polymerizable Cationic Gemini Surfactant/Fatty Alcohol/Water System

Abstract

We studied the phase behavior of a ternary polymerizable gemini surfactant (PC11-6-11)/1-undecanol/water system and stabilized these liquid crystalline structures through the polymerization of surfactants. The addition of 1-undecanol to a PC11-6-11/water system formed bicontinuous cubic (V1) and reversed hexagonal (H2) liquid crystal phases in addition to hexagonal (H1) and lamellar (Lα) phases, which were also formed using the binary system of PC11-6-11/water. These new phases were formed because the fatty alcohol penetrated the palisade layer of the PC11-6-11 micelles. The polymerization of PC11-6-11 with a thermal initiator successfully preserved the Lα and H2 phases. Layered or honeycomb structures of these liquid crystals were clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy. The nanomaterials have potential applications as membranes for nano- or microfiltration and catalyst support materials.

Fracturing Fluid Polymer Thickener with Superior Temperature, Salt and Shear Resistance Properties from the Synergistic Effect of Double-Tail Hydrophobic Monomer and Nonionic Polymerizable Surfactant

“…Polymerizable surfactant molecules incorporate polymerizable reactive groups, mainly unsaturated alkenes, into the structure of conventional surfactant molecules. In contrast to conventional surfactants, polymerizable surfactants not only possess the characteristics of conventional surfactants, but also can be copolymerized with unsaturated monomers at high temperature or in the presence of initiators, and these compounds can also be used to improve the solubility and association of HAWSP [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Polymerizable surfactants can replace common hydrophobic monomers and surfactants and can be further locked into these new supramolecular structures by polymerization [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Reactive carbamate surfactants: Synthesis, characterization, and improved rheological properties of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide containing surfactant structures

“…26,27 Reactive surfactants with the polymerizable group in the hydrophobic tail, hydrophilic head, and counter ion are categorized as T-type, H-type, and C-type surfactants, respectively. [28][29][30] Reactive surfactants can address the disadvantages of many conventional surfactants and can be used in various fields, such as construction, paper manufacturing, leather production, industrial coating, and biological medicine. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] However, the use of modified polyacrylamides with reactive surfactant functionalities in oil recovery applications still remains relatively unexplored; in particular, the effect of using surfactant-modified polyacrylamides on the rheological properties of polymer waterproofing fluids has not been systematically studied.…”

“…Reactive surfactants are copolymerized directly into the main polymer chain through covalent bonding during polymerization 26,27 . Reactive surfactants with the polymerizable group in the hydrophobic tail, hydrophilic head, and counter ion are categorized as T‐type, H‐type, and C‐type surfactants, respectively 28–30 . Reactive surfactants can address the disadvantages of many conventional surfactants and can be used in various fields, such as construction, paper manufacturing, leather production, industrial coating, and biological medicine 31–38 .…”

Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on the Effects of the Carbon Chain Length of Gemini Surfactants on the Inhibition of the Acid-Rock Reaction Rate

“…Gemini surfactants, as a new class of surfactants with two hydrocarbon chains connected by a spacer, perform better than conventional surfactants because of their unique structure. , Owing to their different structural variations, researchers are interested in gemini surfactants for several reasons. First, their critical micelle concentration (CMC) is usually at least an order of magnitude lower than those of the corresponding conventional surfactants .…”