Phase Behavior and Nano-emulsion Formation by the Phase Inversion Temperature Method

Abstract

Formation of oil-in-water nano-emulsions has been studied in the water/C12E4/isohexadecane system by the phase inversion temperature emulsification method. Emulsification started at the corresponding hydrophilic-lipophilic balance temperature, and then the samples were quickly cooled to 25 degrees C. The influence of phase behavior on nano-emulsion droplet size and stability has been studied. Droplet size was determined by dynamic light scattering, and nano-emulsion stability was assessed, measuring the variation of droplet size as a function of time. The results obtained showed that the smallest droplet sizes were produced in samples where the emulsification started in a bicontinuous microemulsion (D) phase region or in a two-phase region consisting of a microemulsion (D) and a liquid crystalline phase (L(alpha)). Although the breakdown process of nano-emulsions could be attributed to the oil transference from the smaller to the bigger droplets, the increase in instability found with the increase in surfactant concentration may be related to the higher surfactant excess, favoring the oil micellar transport between the emulsion droplets.

O/W Nano-Emulsion Formation Using an Isothermal Low-Energy Emulsification Method in a Mixture of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate and Hexaglycerol Monolaurate with Glycerol System

“…Thermal methods rely on properties with temperature, whereas isothermal methods rely on emulsion formation resulting from changes in local system composition at a fixed temperature 12 . Spontaneous emulsification and phase inversion composition methods fall into the category of isothermal methods 13 , while the phase inversion temperature method is an example of a thermal method 14,15 .…”

Application of Stable o/w Nanoemulsions with Skin Depigmenting Agent for Integration Type of Cosmetics

“…이와는 다르게 일정 조성에서는 온도의 변화 에 의해 달성될 수 있으며 이는 상전이 온도 유화법 이라 칭한다(phase inversion temperature method, PIT) [13,14] [ Fig. 3] Droplet diameter as a function of the HLB value for samples with O/S = 6:5, f = 0.11 and preparation Temp.…”

Liquid Foams, New Approaches in Raw Materials, Sustainability and Product Safety, Forum for Innovations

“…Key to success is, among others, the use of specially designed monomers (so-called inimers) that make post-modification polymerization unnecessary and, at the same time, reduce the number of synthetic steps significantly [4]. This leads to novel "giant surfactants" (molar mass in the order of 1,000,000).…”

“…Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT) emulsification is an important method for the production of nano-emulsions with droplet diameters of 50 to 500 nm [4]. These nano-emulsions find broad applications in industry, e. g., emulsion polymerization, drug delivery or cosmetics.…”