Phase and amplitude measurements of transhorizon microwaves: Angular response patterns in elevation

Trans-horizon propagation techniques for examining disturbances in stratified tropospheric layers

“…In this case the receiving array was oriented vertically (Cox and Waterman, 1969); it consisted of twelve elements at each of which, amplitude and phase were measured separately, and in very rapid succession. From recordings of these data, effectively instantaneous antenna scans were constructed (Cox and Waterman, 1971) -to yield pictures which are the vertical counterpart of the horizontal scans in Figures 1 and 2. However, in addition, simultaneous data are available from a single element of the antenna array.…”

“…One method of using this information has been to compare different propagation situations as regards (a) angular response pattern of the receiving array, (b) distribution of signal amplitude as received on a single antenna element and (c) Doppler spread of received signal from a single element (Cianos, 1971 ;1972). Figures 3 and 4 show the angular response pattern for this vertical array when averaged over a few minutes of data (Cox and Waterman, 1971). Circles and triangles are measured values; the solid curve is computed on the basis of an atmospheric scattering model which combines a volume scattering proportional to some inverse power (m)of the scattering angle with a specular layer reflection whose power reflection coefficient relative to the volume scatter is given by I.…”